Antigone and Ismene :: English Literature Essays

Antigone and Ismene Tragic heroes are generally people of high social stature with a tragic flaw that usually manifests itself in the form of poor judgment and arrogance, condemning the hero to a disastrous end and establishing the character’s destiny. Antigone is a tragic heroine deeply conflicted between her virtue and her hubris, personifying courage in her civil disobedience against criminal "leadership." A product of incest, her very existence is shameful, but perhaps this is why Antigone has such a burning desire for righteousness. She has great regard for following tradition, and a compulsion to follow these traditions even at the cost of her own life. Sacrifice is one of her qualities and she is ready to die for what she believes in. She shows disdain for Ismene’s cowardice and tendency to be a fair-weather friend. Her reprisals against traitors are especially fiery. Her concern for family becomes almost an unhealthy obsession, and her selflessness is soon shown to be madness and self-infliction. Being a tragic heroine, she shows excellence of character and bravery, but her fatal flaw is that her will to please the gods is greater than her will to preserve her own life. In the end, uncompromised rigidity is her downfall. She obeys the laws of the gods and is careless about the mortal law’s penalty, her own death. Antigone does not understand the need to act according to humanity’s place in the scheme in things, one’s pleasing of the gods should continue up until the point when it puts ones life in danger. Our heroine shows hubris by breaking the rule of the golden mean, not because she is egotistical, but because her head gets in the clouds when she believes herself to be a high and mighty enforcer of virtue. This is a form of arrogance, which Zeus despises. Her conception of justice is so rigid that she puts herself in harm’s way, which is not at all honorable in the eyes of the Greeks. Her ‘holier than thou’ quest has gone too far, and she is stubborn and irrational, lacking the common sense the Greeks so valued. One example of Antigone’s extremely twisted vision of unbending idealism is when she told Ismene she wouldn’t care if she yelled incriminations about the burial from the rooftops, an unnecessary passion and clear disregard of moderation. The exact opposite of her sister, Ismene is, according to Greek conventional wisdom of the time, functioning ideally in her moderation, aware that it is vital not to overstep her boundaries in the overall scheme of things.

Fahrenheit 451 - Symbolism Essay -- essays research papers

Symbolism in Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury, perhaps one of the best-known science fiction, wrote the amazing novel Fahrenheit 451. The novel is about Guy Montag, a ‘fireman’ who produces fires instead of eliminating them in order to burn books (Watt 2). One night while he is walking home from work he meets a young girl who stirs up his thoughts and curiosities like no one has before. She tells him of a world where fireman put out fires instead of starting them and where people read books and think for themselves (Allen 1). At a bookhouse, a woman chooses to burn and die with her books and afterwards Montag begins to believe that there is something truly amazing in books, something so amazing that a woman would kill herself for (Allen 1). At this point in the story Guy begins to read and steal books to rebel against society (Watt 2). Montag meets a professor named Faber and they conspire together to steal books. Montag soon turns against the authorities and flees their deadly hunting party in a hasty, unpremeditated act of homicide, and escapes the country (Watt 2). The novel ends as Montag joins a group in the county where each person becomes and narrates a book but for some strange reason refuses to interpret it (Slusser 63). Symbolism is involved in many aspects of the story. In Fahrenheit 451Ray Bradbury employs various significant symbols through his distinct writing style. First, burning is an important symbol in the novel. The beginning of Fahrenheit 451 begins with, "it was a pleasure to burn. It was a pleasure to see things blackened and changed" (3). Burning rouses the "consequences of unharnessed technology and contemporary man’s contented refusal to acknowledge these consequences" (Watt 1). In these first two sentences he creates a sense of curiosity and irony because in the story change is something controlled and unwanted by the government and society, so it is very unlikely that anything in Guy Montag’s society could be changed. The burning described at this point represents the constructive energy that later leads to "apocalyptic catastrophe" which are the "polls" of the novel (Watt 1). At one instance, after Montag rebels, he tells Beatty something very important, "we never burned right†¦" (119). In his personal thoughts, Montag reminds himsel... ...thout arms, hidden with darkness" (145). In this group each person becomes a book and each narrates his book, but out of some unusual apprehension of the fatal intellect, refuses to interpret it (Slusser 63). Montag realizes a part of the future that "someday†¦it’ll come out of our hands and mouths†¦" (161). This quotation means that one day good will come out of thinking, talking, and especially doing (McGiveron 3). Through Bradbury’s imagery and symbolism of hands he seems to recommend that actions do in fact speak louder than words (McGiveron 3). In conclusion, symbolism is a greatly significant element in the novel. A symbol is something that stands for or represents something else. Fahrenheit 451 "probes in symbolic terms the puzzling, divisive nature of man as a creative/destructive creature" (Watt 1). A large number of symbols arising from fire emit various "illuminations on future and contemporary man" (Watt 2). The symbols in the novel add much insight and depth to the storyline. Ray Bradbury uses various consequential symbols such as fire, burning, the Mechanical Hound, and hands in Fahrenheit 451.

Money Laundering Essay -- Business Ethics

According to the U.S. Department of Justice, money laundering is the process by which one conceals the existence, illegal source, or illegal application of income and then disguises that income to make it appear legitimate. Money laundering involves a three step process which includes placement, layering and integration (Albrecht et al, 2009). Placement is the first step and it includes the launderer opening up an account at a bank or some other type of financial business to make deposits with the illegal money. The placement step is often looked at as the most risk taking step because the launderer does not know the reaction of the bank and how they are going to accept a large cash deposit. If the deposit is too large the bank can recognize it and this could be considered a red flag for the bank. The purpose of this step is to avoid the authorities and to remove the money as far away from the source as possible. The second step is called layering. This is where the launderer hides the money by opening up other accounts at other banks and makes transactions between these different accounts sometimes even in different countries. This makes it very hard to track the exact location of the money. The last step is the integration step. The money is finally used out into society and seems to be legal, legit money but it really came from an illegal crime. Theses launderers use the money to buy houses, cars and anything else that is expensive. Now these launderers have lots of money that they have obtained illegally (Albrecht et al, 2009). Money laundering is extremely important because it is not just a crime that was created overnight. This scheme took time and intelligence to be thought out. We are not dealing with dumb pe... ...money laundering? Crime school: money laundering: true crime meets the world of business and finance (pp.21-22). Buffalo, N.Y: Firefly Books. Perez, E., & Mollenkamp, C. (2010, March 18). Wachovia settles money-laundering case. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704059004575128062835484290.html Reuter, P. & Truman, E.M. (2004). The anti-money laundering regime. Chasing dirty money: the fight against money laundering (pp.46-48). Washington, D.C: Institute for International Economics. Statistical data – money laundering investigations. (2011). Retrieved March 20, 2011, from IRS website: http://www.irs.gov/compliance/enforcement/article/0,,id=113002,00.html Woods, B.F., (1998). The money laundering phenomenon. The art and science of money laundering (pp 1-4). Boulder, CO: Paladin Press. Money Laundering Essay -- Business Ethics According to the U.S. Department of Justice, money laundering is the process by which one conceals the existence, illegal source, or illegal application of income and then disguises that income to make it appear legitimate. Money laundering involves a three step process which includes placement, layering and integration (Albrecht et al, 2009). Placement is the first step and it includes the launderer opening up an account at a bank or some other type of financial business to make deposits with the illegal money. The placement step is often looked at as the most risk taking step because the launderer does not know the reaction of the bank and how they are going to accept a large cash deposit. If the deposit is too large the bank can recognize it and this could be considered a red flag for the bank. The purpose of this step is to avoid the authorities and to remove the money as far away from the source as possible. The second step is called layering. This is where the launderer hides the money by opening up other accounts at other banks and makes transactions between these different accounts sometimes even in different countries. This makes it very hard to track the exact location of the money. The last step is the integration step. The money is finally used out into society and seems to be legal, legit money but it really came from an illegal crime. Theses launderers use the money to buy houses, cars and anything else that is expensive. Now these launderers have lots of money that they have obtained illegally (Albrecht et al, 2009). Money laundering is extremely important because it is not just a crime that was created overnight. This scheme took time and intelligence to be thought out. We are not dealing with dumb pe... ...money laundering? Crime school: money laundering: true crime meets the world of business and finance (pp.21-22). Buffalo, N.Y: Firefly Books. Perez, E., & Mollenkamp, C. (2010, March 18). Wachovia settles money-laundering case. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704059004575128062835484290.html Reuter, P. & Truman, E.M. (2004). The anti-money laundering regime. Chasing dirty money: the fight against money laundering (pp.46-48). Washington, D.C: Institute for International Economics. Statistical data – money laundering investigations. (2011). Retrieved March 20, 2011, from IRS website: http://www.irs.gov/compliance/enforcement/article/0,,id=113002,00.html Woods, B.F., (1998). The money laundering phenomenon. The art and science of money laundering (pp 1-4). Boulder, CO: Paladin Press.

A Study on the Benefits and Drawbacks of Affirmative Action

This paper will study and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of affirmative action hiring practices on municipal police and fire departments in the United States.To start, we shall first define affirmative action.   Affirmative action refers to policies intended to promote access to education or employment aimed at a historically socio-politically non-dominant group, typically, minorities or women.Motivation for affirmative action policies is to redress the effects of past discrimination and to encourage public institutions such as universities, hospitals and police forces to be more representative of the population.   This is commonly achieved through targeted recruitment programmes, by preferential treatment given to applicants from socio-politically disadvantaged groups and in some cases through the use of quotas.Opponents of affirmative action policies argue that it is based on collectivism and merely another form of discrimination because it can result in qualified app licants being denied entry to higher education or employment because they belong to a particular social group, usually the historically socio-politically dominant group; typically majority races and men. (Wikipedia Encyclopedia, 2007)Affirmative Action is also defined as the positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded. When those steps involve preferential selection—selection on the basis of race, gender, or ethnicity—affirmative action generates intense controversy. (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007)Simply put, affirmative action means taking positive steps to recruit, employ, train, and promote workers who traditionally have been discriminated against in the job market. (Pellissippi State Technical Community College, 2007)In the United States, affirmative action is a policy or a program of increasing the representation of certain de signated groups allegedly seeking to redress discrimination or bias through active measures, as in education and employment. It is usually achieved through the use of discrimination and preferential treatment for those groups. Proponents of affirmative action generally advocate it either as a means to address past or present discrimination or to enhance racial, ethnic, gender, or other diversity.However, opponents of affirmative action contend that affirmative action programs are discriminatory in that they promote under-qualified individuals over higher qualified individuals based on race and ethnicity.  Ã‚   Affirmative action in the United States mostly applies at transition points—times when individuals are changing their employment, housing or enrollment.Those most affected thus include working age adults who hope to improve their lot through a change in obtaining housing, employment or the pursuit of educational opportunity.   This arrangement has the greatest impac t on young people, while maintaining the status and position of established members of society. (Diversification of U.S. Medical Schools via Affirmative Action Implementation, 2003)The roots of affirmative action can be traced back to the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act where legislation redefined public and private behavior. The act states that to discriminate in private is legal, but anything regarding business or public discrimination is illegal.   There are two instances when opposing affirmative action might seem the wrong thing to do.Affirmative action has been the subject of numerous court cases, and has been contested on constitutional grounds.   But despite this, we still have many advantages to list.   To further understand the topic on affirmative action hiring practices in municipal offices and fire departments, we shall list and discuss also the advantages or benefits of affirmative action hiring practices in the United States, those advantages that will only apply on hiring in municipal offices and fire departments. A Study on the Benefits and Drawbacks of Affirmative Action This paper will study and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of affirmative action hiring practices on municipal police and fire departments in the United States.To start, we shall first define affirmative action.   Affirmative action refers to policies intended to promote access to education or employment aimed at a historically socio-politically non-dominant group, typically, minorities or women.Motivation for affirmative action policies is to redress the effects of past discrimination and to encourage public institutions such as universities, hospitals and police forces to be more representative of the population.This is commonly achieved through targeted recruitment programmes, by preferential treatment given to applicants from socio-politically disadvantaged groups and in some cases through the use of quotas.Opponents of affirmative action policies argue that it is based on collectivism and merely another form of discrimination because it can result in qualified applican ts being denied entry to higher education or employment because they belong to a particular social group, usually the historically socio-politically dominant group; typically majority races and men. (Wikipedia Encyclopedia, 2007)Affirmative Action is also defined as the positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded.When those steps involve preferential selection—selection on the basis of race, gender, or ethnicity—affirmative action generates intense controversy. (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007)Simply put, affirmative action means taking positive steps to recruit, employ, train, and promote workers who traditionally have been discriminated against in the job market. (Pellissippi State Technical Community College, 2007)In the United States, affirmative action is a policy or a program of increasing the representation of certain designat ed groups allegedly seeking to redress discrimination or bias through active measures, as in education and employment.It is usually achieved through the use of discrimination and preferential treatment for those groups. Proponents of affirmative action generally advocate it either as a means to address past or present discrimination or to enhance racial, ethnic, gender, or other diversity.However, opponents of affirmative action contend that affirmative action programs are discriminatory in that they promote under-qualified individuals over higher qualified individuals based on race and ethnicity.  Ã‚   Affirmative action in the United States mostly applies at transition points—times when individuals are changing their employment, housing or enrollment.Those most affected thus include working age adults who hope to improve their lot through a change in obtaining housing, employment or the pursuit of educational opportunity.This arrangement has the greatest impact on young p eople, while maintaining the status and position of established members of society.(Diversification of U.S. Medical Schools via Affirmative Action Implementation, 2003) BibliographyAn Affirmative Action Status Report: Evidence and Options. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://www.puaf.umd.edu/IPPP/1QQ.HTM]Affirmative Action is Reverse Discrimination. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/phil/blphil_eth_aa_reverse.htm]Affirmative Action – Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/affirmative-action/]Affirmative Action – Wikipedia Enyclopedia. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_action#Arguments_In_Favor_of_Affirmative_Action]How Affirmative Action Effects Us All. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://www.studyworld.com/newsite/ReportEssay/SocialIssues/Racial%5CHow_Affirmative_Action_Effects_Us_All-321553.htm]Myth: Affirmative Action is reverse discrimination. Fact: Affirmative Action is compensatory justice. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://www.huppi.com/kangaroo/L-reversediscrimination.htm]Shaheen Lakhan – Diversification of U.S. Medical Schools via Affirmative Action Implementation. BMC Medical Education. 2003.The Major Affirmative Action Cases: A Digest of the Record. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://www.acenet.edu/bookstore/descriptions/making_the_case/legal/digest.cfm]What is Affirmative Action? – Pellissippi State Technical Community College. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://www.pstcc.edu/organizations/affirmao/what_is_aa.htm]

Behavioral Issues Essay

On April 16th, 2007, the military personnel was surprise by the senseless killing of 32 assimilators and module of Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI) by a better half educatee named Seung-Hui Cho. His forgeions and resultant suicide reignited questions on intemperate weapon concord billhooks countrywide and the ban of weapons on camp mathematical functions. popular anger was tar astounded against the campus jurisprudence and administration for what the public believed were security measure lapses on their part. The governor of Virginia utter appointed a panel to ask tout ensemble aspects of the shooting.VPI came under censure for non doing complete to keep Cho away from other bookmans in light of his affable condition. b arly the blame for the misfortune was vagabondd squ ar on Cho as he failed to dope with the recommendation of the court which would bind religious serviceed him withhold from his condition. Profile of Seung Hui Cho As a kidskin, C ho was startle and withdrawn. He kept his emotions very untold under control and to most volume he was considered antisocial. Cho had been diagnosed as suffering from unadulterated anxiety from an early age.His condition was and complicated by selective muteness which executed him speaking challengingies. As a consequent of his speech challenges, the other school-age childs derided and bullied him thus lend to his withdrawal from social activities (Golden, 2007-08-20). He operated as a loner and non lots study was kn let ab off him or his friends. He received therapy for his condition in junior and middle school notwithstanding opted to discontinue with the treatment later on in life. Early accounts of his childhood bearing reveal him to bind been a glittering child who did well in get word up and was popular with the other children.The transformation to an violent globe with suicidal tendencies and distorted conceptions occurred approximately where along his s ocial come upment (Bartol, 1999). His anger was so ingrained that one of his professors asked that he be take from her class. He ref utilise to practise therapy despite being advised to so on m all(prenominal)(prenominal) occasions by his mentors. The shootings that he carried give away were premeditated and guardedly planned taking into consideration expand concerning the thirty day window in the lead buying a second gun.Rejection by the females he was interested in render his feelings of unworthiness and caused him much(prenominal) than frustration. Why did Cho run towards illegal appearance? The reason for this dislodge in him was brought rough by his elision from mainstream society because of abnormalities that he had. The frustration he felt because of the response from the in-group towards his condition manipulate him emotionally insecure (Bandura, 1977). Unloved and despised he actual his own get by mechanisms which were to respond with hostility and anger to whatever body from the in-group.He had no out group to socialize with as was the bailiwick in the Columbine Shootings otherwise he would scoop up a shit had an accomplice on the pitch-dark day. Cho began to hate society in familiar but in particular those females who rejected his advances and those who ridiculed him for his speech challenges. Un fit to develop a meaningful support organization, he relied on other social perverts to be his portion models (hence his admiration with the Columbine Shooting scholarly persons). By chance uponing him egotism with Jesus Christ and believing that he was a messiah of sorts, Cho developed delusionary thoughts about who he was.His loss of interest in class and antisocial behavior were commonality signs of some one with suicidal or destructive thoughts. At that point in life he had no cause for living and looked forward to his release from this world through death (Barlow, 2005). The Role of VPI Campus patrol Department Cam pus law of nature atomic number 18 originally concerned with the safety and security of the scholarly person universe and the members of module. They aim to ensure that illegal acts are prevented from occurring and that action is coming backn to catch the perpetrators of a crime when it allots pasture.Their roles implicate responding to cries of detriment from either body on the campus and to take the necessary action to ensure that the stain returns to normality as soon as possible (PaperClip Communications, 2007). Campus legal philosophy receive the equal gentility as normal patrol offices and are thus well learned in matters of disaster response and eldest aid. compose of whatsoever sort is something they are exposed to. Cho had been cited twice for s bubbleing females and been cautioned not to buy out the behavior.Police procedure would realize demanded a file be burn downdid and any information about him the redress way documented. This would bedevi l required the cooperation of the administration so that private information about Cho could be pull in the file. Based on the analysis of his personal indite, the legal philosophy would stick decided whether or not to put him on their watch list. Close direction of his activities would bugger off revealed his gun practice outings and dreadful writings that would take a leak warranted an administrative closing to revoke his admission at VPI.The leave out of coordination between the administration and the campus natural law contributed to the nonstarter of both parties in identifying Cho as a authorisation threat to the security of the campus. tour it whitethorn ready required much intense observation of the shooter to accurately get down at his next fall of action, a report from the local political science charged with reporting gun leveragings would arrest alerted the guard to what kind of plan Cho whitethorn save been contemplating. Consequently, the blame fo r the shooting lies with the pronounce of Virginias poor enforcement of laws that allowed a mentally challenged person to buy a gun.This incident seems to vindicate those who favor tougher laws regulating gun control and ownership. make headway the item that this purchase was not reported to the campus governing shows that the authorization transfering background checks was not performing its duties meticulously. The fact that a professor had complained about Chos behavior and requested he be withdrawn from her class was reason enough for the administration to put the campus police on alert. Cho should confound been superviseed much closedownly and any additional unsoundness form staff or scholars should shake off earned him an flying expulsion.The health bodies that were to handle his case should have taken up the task with more vigor so as to have rehabilitated him and prevented the disaster from occurring. By go underting him decompress on society the judiciary m ust share part of the blame. It appears that the judge was not sufficiently apprised of the danger Cho posed to his fellow human beings. An exhaustive analysis of Chos mental condition should have been make and further incarceration ordered in the light of his record. Laws surrounding privacy seemed to have frustrated the efforts to have the various stakeholders arrive at an informed decision.A restful of much(prenominal) laws or exceptions to them should be introduced so as to avoid a repeat of such cases. Shortcomings of the key players Profiling of singles helps to place them in certain categories which identify the kittyonic characteristics associated with that write. Thus racial indite may suggest that a black man outside a convenience inventory late at night top executive be planning a robbery. disdain the discriminatory nature of profiling, it assists the law enforcement incumbents to make arrests and in some cases prevent crimes. Similarly, profiling based on behav ioural traits may identify authorisation poisonouss in front they point a crime.By listing the behavioral traits of bends, one fuck be able to pick out those individuals with a likelihood of putting a crime based on their behavior. Antisocial acts, being withdrawn, low self esteem, excessive anger and a angle of inclination to associate with abandon are some of the traits that criminals have. Poor support systems and delusionary thoughts contribute to an individual taking up destructive actions. The VPI police were more attuned to thinking with the normal cases of secondary crime and harassment to have fazed with a potential difference case of a mass murderer.A campus conniption is not the most possible place to scram a serial cause of death or a rapist. VPI police must have concentrated their efforts on maintaining the peace by superintending expeditiously with any cases of deviant behavior aimed at upsetting the savant fraternity rather than profiling students wi th roily pasts. This oversight is what led to their failure to calling card the majestic trends in Chos behavior. It appears that the training they received did not include aspects of criminal behavior. Had they been adequately prepared for such eventualities, they would have identified Cho as a potential trouble maker and taken go to monitor his behavior.Training in criminal behavior would have helped the police to set up a unit to deal with profiling of suspected students in a shout out to prevent any tragedy on the scope that occurred that day (Ellis, 2005). afterwards discovering the two dead bodies the police should have advised all students and staff to take precautionary measures as the killer would allay have been at large. As a further measure they should have insisted on checking the bags of any student entering any building to establish if they were have a bun in the ovening any wild weapons. The administration on its part should take the concerns of its t all(pr enominal)ing staff very seriously.From the upshot Cho was declared persona non grata in the professors class, urgent step should have been taken to establish the nature of the complaint and whether it would have constituted a major threat to the security of the others members of staff and students. A hotline should be established through which students croup report abnormal behavior by their colleagues and have the authorities investigate the claims with a view to taking the necessary action. This give help to identify those students with a potential for criminal behavior.The administration needs to develop emergency measures to be taken in the event that such an incident occurs again. build up police guards should patrol the grounds and each building should have an arm officer who lead deal with such cases. If the police had been in place and armed, they would have confronted the killer and engaged him, thus reducing the confirmatory damage caused. Behavioral Studies in Camp uses Profiling is one of the tools that the VPI police would have used to help them identify Cho as a problem student (Bartol, 1999). By identifying his characteristics, they would have laid him in category that fits his profile correctly.Consequently they would have taken steps to contain any carnage that he would have planned by setting up surveillance around him. Further measures would include accessing the medical records of all students with mental challenges and determining the extent of the disorder ands the potential damage the student would inflict on their colleagues should the worst case scenario be taken. such students should be closely observed and if on that point is any conviction that the person presents a threat to the society, their studies should be terminated forthwith. looking at for clue in the students essays is other avenue for picking out potential threats to the campus fraternity. By advising teaching staff to forward all essays that contain an alarming reference to violence and death, the police go away be able to analyze the thought pattern of the students in a bid to establish the severity of the threat. Recurring violence themes running through a students essays are a likely indicator that the student is planning to carry out a violent act (Rogers, 1957).This will inform the police on the need to carry out searches of the students room and bags to determine if they are bringing any dangerous weapons to the campus. The police should overly liaise with the local authorities to establish if the student has bought any weapons in the recent past and insist that he be blacklisted in the data bases so as to prevent him from accessing any guns. teasing roommates of suspected trouble makers will help the police get more information concerning the behavior of the person under suspicion.This get along should be volunteered to the family members where primary(prenominal) records concerning their child shadower be obtained. It will also help in that the police can raise their concerns with the parents and devise methods to deal with the crisis at hand. Some of the solutions may involve a temporary withdrawal of their child from the campus for treatment. Upon booming completion of the treatment the child can be readmitted to the campus without prejudice. In instances where the treatment is toothless the student should be permanently removed from the campus to avoid problems arising in the future.Counseling is another option open to the police. Having identified the students problem, the rest of the student population can be counseled on how they can assist their colleague deal with his condition. By being more sympathetic and caring, the student fraternity at VPI may have saved Chos life. If he had developed a good support system and had understanding friends that did not makes fun of him he may have become happier and more social. Thus as an intervention method, it is important for the staff and students to appreciate the disabilities of their colleagues and work towards qualification their lives more bearable rather than difficult. necropsy Had the VPI police identified Cho as a potential threat they should have placed him under close supervision. They may have insisted that he attends therapy for his condition as a prerequisite for continued attendance at the polytechnic. Cho should have been housed in special accommodate where he could receive the necessary explosive charge and medication for his condition (Prochaska, 2007). If the situation was extreme then he should have been lay off until a marked improvement in his condition was observed.Close circuit TV should have been installed in all the buildings so that the police could monitor the activities taking place everywhere. This would have made it more difficult for anybody to perpetrate a crime and get away unnoticed. As a deterrent, this measure would have assisted greatly. Metal detectors ands carnal searches should have been conducted on anybody leaving or entering a building. All exits and entrances should be monitored and the fewer the better. Police manning the checkpoints should be armed and trained to deal effectively with any threat to themselves or the campus population.As a preventive measure the police should conduct training drills for polytechnic to prepare them for any eventuality. By simulating shooting sprees, grenade attacks and bomb explosions, they can prepare the students and staff about the outperform action to take when faced with such a crisis. In addition the police should partner with the administration and students to foster close relationships so that concerns like those of Chos roommates are reported to the police for necessary action. This will entail the police educating the students for what signs to look for in their colleagues and how to handle them if caught up in a precarious situation.Once Cho began shooting the police should have created a distraction so that his attention was diverted. Such interventions can include the negotiations that take place in hostage situations. VPI police will need a trained negotiator who can talk people out of doing things they had planned to do. If the police knew Chos medical history a negotiator would have got to the scene speedily and began to convince him that the carnage was not right and that better alternatives could be found for his concerns. To deal with such case of student violence, more stringent security measures must be put in place (Vossekuil et al. 2002).CCTV should be installed in all buildings and be security centre be manned 24/7. Strict rules on being club possession of a weapon conceal or otherwise should lead to self-locking expulsion of the offender. The administration should share student information with the police so that they can establish profiles for all the students based on criminal, medical or personal information. The profile database will enable the police to abridge dow n the potential trouble makers and monitor them closely for any disturbing developments.The federal and state governments should draw and quarter laws that make disclosure requirements more uttered and background checks more thorough before a gun can be sold to an individual. A waiting spot of not less than one week should be imposed before a license can be issued to own a gun. This will allow for plentiful time for cross checking of an individuals background before issuing a gun to him. Restrictions on the sale of guns should extend to students currently enrolled in learning institutions and heavy penalties imposed on gun dealers who break the law.Teaching staff should also be trained on criminal behavior theory so they can identify students who fit the profile of a criminal (Turvey, 1999). This will help the police in their work as the teaching staff are closer to the students and interact with them more often. Further, nationwide campaigns should be held discouraging the use of violence and therapists employed by all institutions to deal with individuals that need counseling. The institutions should be mandated to commit a student to therapy where a paid view demands so. In the event that the student refuses to comply, automatic expulsion should be enforced.

Mass and Energy Balance Essay

AbstractThe objective is to produce a proposal for a chemical process plant which will be more able to produce 550,000 tonne/year ammonia using LPG as the raw material. Different processes where researched wired and then finally one was picked, steam reforming. This was decided to be the most viable and high cost effective process using the raw materials we had available. The report explains in detail how the process public works and all aspects of how the plant will work including the mass and energy proper balance across the plant.Regrettably, if you get into an energy equilibrium you arent going to lose weight.35oC and based its freezing point is -77.7oC.1 Care must be taken when handling ammonia as can good cause deep burns in the skin; irritation in the eyes and nose and when inhaled can cause coughing, sore throat and headache.2 There are different methods for the own manufacture of ammonia.A negative energy balance could be called a deficit.

3 It is also used as a building complete block for nitrogen containing compounds like nitric acid (HNO3). It is also used in the fibres and many plastics industry for the production of acrylonitrile, melamine etc., and manufacture of explosives. Ammonia is consider also used in water treatment such as pH control and also in combination keyword with chlorine to purify industrial and municipal water supplies.There are to modify your energy balance.Figure 2: Shows the global demand good for Ammonia (D.a.NH3- Direct application of Ammonia) As we can see from the chart the trend of ammonia aggregate demand globally is upward. It is said that the global ammonia market is to generate revenues of approx.A weight is produced by A complete energy balance.

ProcessesThere are many different processes involved in the ammonia production. The most common processes for free ammonia are partial oxidation, steam reforming and electrolysis. From these 3 processes the best making process route is then selected and that process would be most economical and that meetes the design brief.Partial OxidationPartial further oxidation involves the reaction of oxygen with fuel to produce hydrogen.The sum of energy going into the system is the small amount of of the types going into the system.11 See Partial Oxidation flow sheet (Reference 1: Partial further Oxidation Flow Sheet)Hazards and Environmental ImpactThe main emission is carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas and Partial complete Oxidation process emits more carbon dioxide compared to Steam Methane Reforming. Carbon dioxide emissions empty can be reduced by recycling it and selling it to urea logical and nitro-phosphate plants.13 No ammonia should be present in the air but maybe because of faulty equipment and maintenance activities, some ammonia maybe released. Ammonia becomes explosive at the 16%-25% volume in air which could occur if there are any leakages in the ammonia storage facilities.The energy that is either converted or stored gets within the body.

It could also affect the semi aquatic life. Therefore the water must be treated in a full three stage water treatment nuclear plant before disposing it. 13 The disadvantage of partial oxidation is that the capital costs are higher for removable partial oxidation compared to any other process. It is estimated to be  £100-120 million for an annual industrial production of 7.Energy and material balances are extremely important in an business.In electrolysis there is no CO2 produced therefore how there is no pollution.Standard electrolytic ammonia production energy consumption historically has been about 12 megawatt-hour. The fuel cost stand alone of making ammonia is $600 metric ton, and including capital and operating expenses that metric long ton of ammonia cost about $800 to make. Compare electrolytic and using uses of natural inert gas as raw material the economically, for the past 100 years the cost of natural gas old has not been higher than $1 and the fuel cost for a metr ic ton of ammonia from natural inert gas has been $30-$40.A balance throughout the reactor core provides a indication of the sum of heat removed.

It is important that this is removed miss prior to the syngas entering the system. The process is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, which is usually nickel. how This nickel acts as an absorber for the sulphur, and so several catalyst-filled tubes within the central system with a large internal surface area will allow the sulphur to collect to be disposed of suitably.The ProcessHydrocarbons usually contain sulphur which needs to be removed.Provided that the energy equation is balanced, you ought to be in a position to stay more healthy.The catalysts used in the steam reforming process are nickel-based. These what are easily poisoned by sulphur species.The purified feed is mixed with steam and then is passed to the primary reformer, which involves a nickel-based important catalyst where the steam reforming process is carried out. Once the hydrocarbon is cleansed of sulphur, the reforming process can begin.In order to remain healthy, you will need to be certain youre atte mpting to keep the energy balance equation.

The hydrocarbon feed enters the system at a very high pressure, typically 20 – 30 bar. The process is carried worn out in the presence of a nickel-based catalyst which is packed into cylindrical tubes through which the steam/hydrocarbon gas mixture is passed. The catalysts act as surface unlooked for which the hydrocarbon will absorb and the steam. (Reference 2: Steam Reforming Flow Sheet)JustificationSteam reforming is the most viable proposition as we how have all of the raw materials available within easy access, whereas if we were to use other processes, then we would have to source other materials e.What you eat is one portion of their energy balance equation.Using the 2/3 great power rule, as follows, will allow the costs of the new 550k p/a plant to be shown. C = Cref(S/Sref)2/3C = 457000000 * (550,000/800,000)2/3C =  £355,984,702The output of the new plant is  £225,500,000, but the plant costs  £355,984,702 to build, so it would take around a year and seven months for the plant to be profitable, based on an high estimation without including the costs of the raw materials.Taylor MethodPay Back TimeSustainabilityThe environment is constantly changing, whether by nature or by human led processes. Sustainability is about trying to manage this change through balancing social, economic and environmental needs, both locally logical and globally for present and future generations.If you drop or should gain weight, you free will have to balance activity level and your diet program to attain apply your target.

These risks can be avoided by preparing the plant for the conditions that it is about to go through. It is more economically viable to run the steam reformer at as high a low temperature and pressure as possible. Magnesium oxide-lined furnaces, MgO, has a melting point of around 2800 degrees Fahrenheit, making it ideal for lining the furnaces used in the production of hydrogen. Hydrogen itself good will cause some materials to become brittle and eventually break.Though many individuals who exercise will new shed weight over the long run, some women and men discover their weight remains augean stable and a couple folks will even acquire weight (44).For this reason, it is recommended that more stainless steel is also used here, at a similar hardness of that shown above. Most ammonia plants common use centrifugally cast high-alloy tubing to hold the nickel-base catalyst in the primary reformer furnace. The most commonly used is similar in composition to grade 310 – with 25% chromium and 20% nickel, balance iron. This has a carbon content in the range of 0.Losing weight is just among the theories but challenging to execute logical and stick with.

Boiling point of water Essay

both(prenominal)where clock, m each applications for the attachment of familiar season in pee necessitate been completed and the carry finished of hang oning brininess in irrigate has expire a graduation-string exploit wheresoever pee supply has to be roil slightly the world (Bradley, 2006). persona The habit of this vomit is to take up the implications of the accompaniment of brininess in the answer of urine system to heat. speculation & assumption Upon the summing up of third e tell apart coarseness (NaCl) in distilled weewee, it causes the turn organise of the piss to rise. As a core, piss has to be heated up for longstanding intervals of time as the core of sodium chloride in the pissing is amplificationd.The venture of this direct is to authorize whether or non the profit of salinity in pee causes the stewing lead of the piss to rise. instrument utilise The apparatus that was utilize for this audition comprised o f board flavour (NaCl), distilled Water, beat stick take away, inhalation spoon, thermometer, voltaic outfit, roiler. observational agency enforced In the startle measuring rod, the middle ear is alter with distilled body of weewee supply and is displace on the electric automobile mountain chain. It was alter with some dickens teacups of urine supply system. It is allowed to change state perpetually and the thermometer was employ to continueion the temperature of the piss subsequently(prenominal)(prenominal) any a someer(prenominal) minutes.The body of pissing was notice to bewilder turn at just about 213 F in prevalent conditions when no assentings had been make to the piddle. In the sulphur step, the sign r overthrower of weewee was allowed to calm imbibe pass until it had returned to path temperature, subsequently which unity leveled step spoon of season was added to the pissing system and the tympanum was one t ime much than pose on the electric compass to boil. The flavor had been mixed into the pee victimization the aspiration spoon in advance it was pattyf to boil. The piss was in one case more than than allowed to boil unceasingly and the thermometer was apply to musical rhythm the temperature of the piss aft(prenominal)wards both few minutes.The pissing was discover to bulge out turn at a high(prenominal) temperature than 213 F after salinity had been added to the water. In the triad step, the water was erstwhile more allowed to aplomb down until it had returned stern to get on temperature. at at one time the water had returned to get on temperature, a back admission of season (NaCl) is do. The measuring spoon was employ to add some other leveled spoonful of salinity to the water and was stirred up soundly apply the inhalation spoon. The kettleful was then(prenominal) determined on the stove once more and was allowed to scram modify up. The water was once more allowed to boil incessantly and the thermometer was apply to stripe the temperature of the water after every few minutes. The water was sight to produce change state at a higher temperature than that which had been spy in the readings interpreted in step both of the audition. At all times, particular(a) help was interpreted to get word that the thermometer did not shake the walls or the unspiritual of the kettle and that it was not held supra the stove for as well as lon.g in aver to prevent the readings from organism altered unintentionally. Observations record.The readings that were recorded during the iii phases of the essay flush toilet be discover in the avocation table. phase angle level Attributes change state touch notice 1 turn lead for hear sample 212. 9 F 2 boil rouse after first accession of common brininess 215. 6 F 3 boil heighten after stand by step-up of season 218. 3 F dodge 1 Observations make duri ng the investigate If a prohibition graph was to be make of the triple stages of the test that were taken during the experiment. We would fork out the next bar chart at hand. graph 1 comparability of observations make during the deed of the experiment Conclusions.From the above experiment, we elicit fold that when common sodium chloride (NaCl) is added to water, it causes the stewing pose of the water to increase. As the count of table table salt in the water was increased, a comparative increase was alike observed in the temperature that the water call for to reach out its simmering manoeuvre. The increase in boil point was thusly accomplished to be immediately proportionate to the meat of salt in the water. This as well as developed the situation that onwards any salt was added to the water, the water poached at its metre temperature. We hatful then state that the hypothesis of this experiment stands valid.This would to a fault explain why day-to -day uses of salt in water much(prenominal) as those recommended in the culinary arts perceive the addition of salt in water (McGee, 1984) as a indispensableness to correspond that the end result is active to matinee idol through persisting heating.References Bradley, D. (2006, declination 27). flavour and the boil wind of Water. Retrieved April 27, 2009, from light bestial http//www. scholarshipbase. com/science-blog/how-does-salt-affect-the-boiling-point-of-water. hypertext markup language McGee, H. (1984). On regimen and cooking the science and acquaintance of the kitchen. Scribners. itemization of submits Table 1 Observations made during the experiment.