History of Internet Advertising Essay

The history of Advertising goes back a long time in history during the time of the Romans in which merchants had street signs advertising their wares. With the invention of printing press during the middle part of the 1400s, things changed as it heralded a new era that shaped the course of civilization. The rise of broadcast technology in the twentieth century had made further advances in the world of advertising. In the 1920s, radio advertising carried the industry into its prime and become central to the operation of the advertising world until the rise of television advertising in the 1950s which rose to its prominence ever since up to the present time in which another break through in advertising has risen, the internet. Although internet began in the late 1960s it was only during the creation of the â€Å"Unix User Network or Usenet† (Prince, p. 3) that people got connected and â€Å"ready to do business† (p. ) through the â€Å"store-and-forward† net work ,where people could post news, views, and other communications to be read by others. Prince pointed out that the Usenet was â€Å"quickly adapted as a high-tech classified circular† (wherein categories were established for listing of items for sale. However, it was only in 1995 that a more profound use of the internet for advertisement had started as advertisement becomes more informative and specific. The internet advertising has since then begun to take substantial share of the market advertisement, and the year 2000 recorded the big leap in the internet advertisement with over eight billion dollars in revenue. Since then though, the growth of the internet advertisement in terms of dollar revenues were up and down but it is indisputably that the internet advertisement has become the most sophisticated and far reaching mode of advertisement.

Old El Paso

What: Kurt, the associate marketing manager of Old El Paso, needs to develop a new marketing plan to increase its brand awareness and educate the public about the convenience of preparing Mexican meals. Why: Old El Paso has been the market leader in the Mexican food industry for many years. Now, General Mills wants Old El Paso to increase its sales by 5% while maintaining the same level of profitability.However, Mexican food industry is growing at a relatively slow growth rate of 3% per year, because Mexican food is not always on customers shopping list as there is a strong perception that Mexican food is inconvenient and difficult to prepare. That is why Kurt needs to develop a new marketing plan to raise brand awareness and educate the public in order to achieve the 5% goal. There is a misunderstanding in the communication process between Old El Paso and its customers.Old El Paso has been positioning itself as a â€Å"Family Fun Experience† product. Meanwhile, the customers are more concerned about the process of preparing Mexican food, ie. , while many factors, including time needed for preparation and simplicity of preparation contributed to consumer perception of convenience/ease of preparation, ingredient availability was found to be the most significant barrier to making Mexican meals more often. They also need to educate their customers about the benefits of cooking Mexican food.For example, according to their consumer research, 70% of decisions to purchase Mexican meal products are made before consumers ever arrive at the grocery store. Apply the fact to the AIDA model, it is important to raise its brand awareness and get consumers interested in its products in order to increase sales, because most of the purchase decisions are made before the customers see the actual product. With the fact that Old El Paso is the market leader and its brand equity, as soon as the brand awareness and interest is established, the sales will increase.The biggest c ompetitor in the Mexican food industry is private labels. Old Pl Paso has most of the market share in Mexican dinner kits (91. 2%) and Mexican components (70. 4%) category, while ranks number 3 in the Mexican salsa (15. 6%) category. Although both private labels and Old Pl Paso products are in high standards, Old Pl Paso is the only brand that offers a full product line in the Mexican food industry and is distributed in 98% of all grocery stores (with an average of 7. Old Pl Paso items on shelf). This means that Old Pl Paso is reachable to most of consumers while certain private label’s products are only available in certain grocery chains. How: Targeted results: Increase brand awareness while convince the public that it is easy to prepare Mexican food. 1) General public: Using kiosks to demonstrate the process of how to cook a Mexican meal with in-store ingredients. Reason: 80% of the population still do majority of their shopping at grocery stores.By using in-store ingredie nts, the general public will know that everything they need for cooking a Mexican meal is in the store, so it is easy to prepare a Mexican meal. 2) Regular Mexican food shoppers: Place Old Pl Paso products at cashier counters. Reason: Placing products at the check-out counters to remain regular Mexican food shoppers that they could use Mexican food as an option for tonight’s dinner. Although this tactic implies impulsive shopping behaviour of some consumers, it also constantly remains consumers that Mexican food is available in the market.

Discuss the effect of tourism on Portsmouth's Economy Essay

Discuss the effect of tourism on Portsmouth's Economy - Essay Example The large shopping areas in Portsmouth include the Ocean Retail Park on the North-Eastern side of Portsmouth. There are large shopping areas which incorporate tourists in large sections and also provide attractive facilities to the tourists. Effect of tourism on Portsmouth’s Economy The city of Portsmouth witnessed a high number of 638000 staying trips made by the tourists in 2010. This shows the huge volume of tourism in the city of Portsmouth out of which 547000 trips were made by the domestic tourists of Portsmouth and 91000 staying trips were by the overseas tourists. The increasing number of tourists in the city of Portsmouth could be attributed to the major attractions of the city in welcoming tourists to visit the place. The tourists visit Portsmouth in order to enjoy the naval history of the place. The increase in tourism resulted in the rise of inflow of tourists for visiting the D-Day Museum, the Royal Naval Museum, etc. The increasing number of tourists visiting Por tsmouth has impacted the economy of Portsmouth in several ways in the positive direction which has been explained as follows. Due to the increase in the number of tourists in Portsmouth, the level of spending in the economy increased. The tourists brought in huge funds for spending in Portsmouth. These funds were spent for meeting the expenses of tourism, day trips, night trips, accommodation in Portsmouth, food and shopping, etc. The visitors staying in Portsmouth have spent a total of 130.6 million pound sterling during their trips in 2010. This is an increase of the funds spent through tourism activities by 4.1% as compared to 2008. The day trips made to the Gunwharf Quay increased by 5.5% in 2010 as compared to the footfall in 2008. This generated an additional expenditure of 8% in 2010 as compared to the figures of 2008 amounting to 269.9 million pound sterling. The increasing expenditure by the tourists was due to the increasing demand from the tourists in consuming essential and luxury products during their trips to Portsmouth. The high amount of funds spent by the visitors led to the injection of additional liquidity in the economy of Portsmouth. The increase in the liquidity led to the rise in the income level of population as compared to the earlier years. The people of Portsmouth experienced a rise in their purchasing power and the potential to invest more in the economic and commercial activities. This led to the changes in the style of livelihood and the people began to open up in terms of their spending limits by accepting the forces of change. The activities of tourism result in the exchange of culture between the city of Portsmouth and the other cities as well as the overseas culture. The habits of the domestic people also started to undergo changes due to the flourishing industry of tourism. Overall, there was a trend of development in the livelihood of the people of Portsmouth due to the economic advancements on account of the increasing acti vities of tourism over the last decade. The developments of tourism industry in Portsmouth and the rise in the income level of the local population of due to the development of tourism in the economy resulted in the increase of purchasing power of the people. The increasing dema

DisneyLand Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

DisneyLand - Research Paper Example It has been a great place for those looking for different careers and has harbored many more in achieving their goals within the society. Ideally, the benefits accrued cannot be quantified because the fun one has can only reflect on one’s health. During its set up, the top-most priority was the location because they wanted to have the best place to have the theme park situated. In many settings, the growth of any investment is based on its accessibility to the targeted population (Malloy 25). On the first account, the park was to be built on an 8-acre piece of land, but Walt Disney realized that the space would be too small. They had to locate a 100-acre piece of land outside Los Angeles and design the kind of park he needed (Malloy 25). This would require an additional space for building rivers, waterfalls, mountains, flying elephants, giant teacups, and castles amongst other items that would see the company achieve its goals within the shortest time possible. This would also see a scenic railway built to make sure that children would enjoy and the eye-of-London merry-go-round would also be a scenic addition (Haberer 59). Walt Disney’s plans were albeit ambitious but he did not lose hope. He knew that his dream would be a reality and though investors were bailing out, his television program was the main source of finance that would see the completion of the theme park. Many did not understand how the park would make people believe that unreal animals were real and that the paddling that should take place within an area as large as the Mississippi can take place within a confined place. These were ideas that only Walt Disney could envision, but his dream was not deter (Malloy 31). His aim was to give the children a chance to have a carefree time and recreate these notions repeatedly to achieve the required and desired effects. To date, parents

Economic climate of the local area of Stockton- On-Tees Essay

Economic climate of the local area of Stockton- On-Tees - Essay Example It is critical for any nation to take effective measures in promoting mental health and ensuring that there are platforms introduced to promote community wellbeing. Healthcare providers and social workers need to recognize that they need to understand the types of service users they work with. Moreover, it is imperative to analyse the effects of inequalities in the mental health of service users. This paper will offer a detailed analysis of how inequalities have the capacity to affect the mental health of patients. It is impossible to set aside the concept of mental health without involving other aspects of overall health. Therefore, the determinants of mental health are closely linked to factors that contribute to the overall wellbeing. Some of the factors that determine mental health are personal and may range from genetic factors, exercise, diet, relationships, as well as ones perception towards events. Other factors are both social and depend on the community, such as family structures, isolation, deprivation, as well as friends (Awayout.co.uk 2015, n.p). Other societal and environmental conditions have the capacity to affect the mental health of an individual. Such factors include unemployment levels, equalities and inequalities, health care provision, the level of education, and social connectedness. Demographic factors such as gender, ethnicity, as well as age have also been characterized as potential mental health determinants. Risk factors denote any characteristics or attributes that increase an individual’s susceptibility to a certain disease or problem. Risk factors associated with mental health problems include drug abuse, alcoholism, homelessness, being overweight, and minimal physical activities. The population of Stockton-On-Tees is 192, 000 and includes Billingham, Stockton, Thornton, Yarm, Norton, Thornaby, and Ingleby Barwick areas. When comparing the health of the people in Stockton-On-Tees to the rest of England, it showed that

Leadership Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership Experience - Essay Example The team managed the lowest price and finished the task within the three minutes. This paper seeks to describe the activity, what was learnt, and the solutions provided with a focus on communication, team dynamics, influencing other team members, sharing information, agreeing on tasks and objectives. 1. Leadership, strategy and upward communication Strategic leadership can be defined as the ability to maintain flexibility, anticipate, and empower the other team members to form necessary strategic change. It involves coping with increasing changes, management of an entire team rather than functional subunits, and management of activities through the other team members. As a team leader, I had to affect the behavior of the other team members in environments that were sometimes uncertain via personal example and ability to envision the requirements for the next stage in the task (Yukl, 2010 p34). It is not feasible to formulate strategies which will give returns without strategic leader s. Therefore, it is necessary that as, a team leader, I had the ability to be a strategic leader to avoid over managing and poorly leading the team. Effective, strategic leadership shapes the formation of strategic mission and intent which influence successful strategic actions. These actions result in the formulation and implementation of these strategies which then yield strategic competitiveness and above average returns. For a leader to prepare the team’s minds towards one vision and direction, it is necessary to transform the team’s strategic direction. Directing the team towards the set goals, and having the ability to adapt concurrently ensures that the strategy delivers the aim that the leader wants (Yukl, 2010 p35). It is essential to have a different way of thought on how resources can be marshaled in the formulation and execution of the strategy in order to be successful. This balances strategy making’s human dimension with analytical perspectives tha t are focused. Coupled with time management commitments in engaging the team in dialogue on strategy, this strategy lays the foundation for building a foundation for creation of winning teams that define, adjust, commit, and adapt quickly to strategy. I learnt that in order to shape the strategic direction, I had to know what my primary role was as the chief strategist, my role as a leader during the strategy making process, the team required for the strategy making, and the point at which the making of the strategy can be considered finished. A leader requires to incorporate human and analytical dimensions, in order to create winning outcomes, and for the team to comprehend and commit to the set common agenda, and must also be clear about each member’s strategic capacity. Using feedback from the team members helps to provide a holistic view on the team’s and its individual member’s effectiveness. Ratings by the team members themselves and their peers can be use d to evaluate the efficiency of the team and the individual (Yukl, 2010 p35). The members rate the following personal traits and competencies: Communication which is the ability to objectively, supportively, and openly share opportunities using nonverbal and verbal behaviors while listening actively. Conflict resolution, which involves the

Curriculum Specialist Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Curriculum Specialist Paper - Essay Example In curriculum, the crucial part is the definition of the course objectives which are often expressed in terms of learning outcomes and normally includes the assessment strategy for the programme. These learning outcomes and assessments are often grouped into modules, therefore a curriculum comprises of a collection of such units, each specializing on a specific part of the curriculum. So, a typical curriculum would include modules on mathematics, languages, information technology together with more specialized provision. In the United States, the basic curriculum is established by each state with the individual school districts adjusting it to their desires. However, each state, builds its curriculum relying heavily on the input of national groups selected by the United States Department of Education, for example the National Council of Mathematics Teachers for mathematics instruction. Education in the United States is highly decentralized, and the federal government and Department of Education are not heavily involved in determining curriculum or educational standards. The job of centralization and coordination has been left to large private educational foundations. However, the primary function of the United States Department of Education is to formulate federal funding programs involving education and to enforce federal educational laws involved with privacy and civil rights. The quality of educational institutions and their degrees is maintained through an informal private process known as accreditation which the Department of Education has no direct public jurisdictional control over. Currently, there are thirty-nine curriculum specialists serving schools in South Carolina State. Basically, curriculum specialists have the following duties and responsibilities in the following areas: a) Curriculum planning and alignment, In curriculum planning and alignment they perform the following duties; Assisting the instructional staff and teachers in making curricular recommendations that reflect best practices to ensure high achievement, Assisting the school staff in developing a school curriculum guide or in revising the school's curriculum guide to ensure alignment to state and district standards, Engaging in collaborative curricular planning with the leadership team, Focusing on building curricular continuity across grade levels and courses, and Conducting periodic curricular alignment to ensure congruence with school and district goals. b) Curriculum instructional support, In curriculum instrumental support they perform the following duties; Providing direct support for building classroom curricular efforts; Taking

Health Care Information Systems and Technology Article

Health Care Information Systems and Technology - Article Example It also implies that each person involved in interacting with the information technology resources shall have easy and unrestricted access according to the information requirements and nature of work. In terms of health care settings, it means that doctors, nurses and other medical staff shall have the access to the information which directly pertains to them. It also requires that each person involved in the overall delivery of healthcare services shall have required and pertinent information. One of the key trends emerging in information technology is the use of mobile applications which medical professionals can use is on the rise. The use of mobile applications combined with the use of cloud computing technologies is considered as the next cutting edge technological innovation. X-rays can be easily seen on iPads and doctors can easily access medical imaging records of patients using mobile applications and devices. (Gallagher, 2012) One of the key requirements for completing the assignments for this course is having access to relevant information and data. Having access to patient data and other relevant and pertaining information therefore is important for seeking answers to various questions and issues raised in the assignments for this course. The various assignments given in the course are of various difficulties and it is important that in order to complete these assignments, this tool can be handy and easy to deploy to complete various assignments. It will also reduce the cost and time to complete the assignments. Healthcare information exchange as a tool therefore is one of the essential tools as it provides access to the required information. It not only ensures mobilization and access to the data and relevant information but it also suggests particular resources which can be used to complete the assignments. (Winter, et

Technological Controversy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Technological Controversy - Term Paper Example f task from the most ordinary to the very complicated, while the machine depends on human beings to achieve increasing levels of sophistication in make and operation. It has now come to a stage when the machine can not only outperform human beings in physical performance as it has been designed to so, but is also increasingly able to outperform man in many mental capabilities. It is when grandmasters of chess are beaten by Deep Blue (Reddy, 1996, pp. 88), it is when the machine starts participating in human conversations that human beings start to cast sidelong glances at it and begin to wonder whether artificial intelligence will ever replace human intelligence. Will machines ever be able to think? Or have machines, in whatever form, already achieved the faculty that human beings have long held to be their own exclusive preserve in this world? The question under consideration has however been floating around in one form or the other. It is as old, if not older, than the computer. The popular press has had a record of being rather lenient in equating human intelligence with artificial intelligence. As early as on January 15, 1941, the Des Moines Tribune carried an article on the development of the first prototype of the ABC computer at the Iowa State University by Professor John V Atanasoff and his graduate student Clifford Berry with the headline ‘Machine Remembers’. "The giant computing machine under construction at Iowa State College has a memory consisting of 45 vacuum tubes†¦", the article reported, and went on to define it as: "An electrical computing machine said here to operate more like the human brain than any other such machine known to exist is being built." (Martin, 1991, pp. 124). The early computers were more of calculating devices when compared to modern technology. Yet, machines that coul d solve mathematical problems, including algebraic problems involving many variables, and that too at speeds unthinkable by human beings, were bound to

( Employement relation module) How does the living wage relate to the Essay

( Employement relation module) How does the living wage relate to the labour movement and how does the labour movement relate t - Essay Example Background As the living wage movement has matured, it became more aggressive and sophisticated. Typical cost of living requires the work of at least $ 8.50 an hour if the employer provides certain health benefits or about $ 10 if no health benefits are provided. Capitalizing on the high cost of living in the region of Santa Cruz wage campaign living wage has won a record $ 11 per hour for health insurance or $ 12 without (Elmore 2003). Many regulations required additional standards, such as paid leave and hiring local people. Living wage advocates are also included language intended to protect workers from the city, where contracts from hand to hand and to prohibit retaliation by employers against employees for asserting their rights under the order. However, other orders require companies to publicly report their employment, wages and benefits and to engage in the details of expenditure on urban public service contracts and economic incentives for development. Less frequent but per haps more promising, a handful of living wage ordinances include language intended to facilitate the trade unions. ... Unfortunately, it is a language of the map noted verifies walks fine line and vulnerable to legal challenges under the National Labour Relations Act. The campaign also sought new ways to extend the coverage of living wage ordinances. While the limited coverage of many previous decisions to those employed by city contractors, is now almost a third of the minimum subsistence laws on the books cover a city service contractors and firms receiving economic development assistance of the City (Mincer 2006). A handful of these laws are another step forward, extending the minimum subsistence requirements for contractors and lessees of these subsidized companies (I think the difference in the shopping centre was built with government subsidies or reduced tax office tower cleaning contractor). More recently, the campaign of Berkeley and Santa Monica have broadened the concept of a living wage even further, demanding a living wage by major employers located in highly developed areas of the water front tourists. Opposition As successes such as these mountains, it becomes inevitable opposition. The main players among the interests of business against the cost of living will not be a surprise to readers here. They have a food service and hospitality that benefit low-wage labour - including the National Federation of Independent Business and National Restaurant Association - and the local chambers of commerce. Before the victory in Santa Monica, great plot hotels sought to crush the living wage effort to promote the initiative false "living wage" ballot that would have covered almost no work and are included in the small print that prohibits future living

Adoption of new technology systems Essay Example for Free

Adoption of new technology systems Essay Health can be described as the state of physical or emotional well-being without necessarily the absence of a disease or any given ailments. Electronic Health Record, thereby, covers a wide scope in ensuring the electronic procedures through which the factors that lead to the health of individuals are ensured. This indicates that this practice involves the incorporation of technology such as the use of computers to ensure its implementation.                  In this research paper, therefore, one ought to undertake the role of a head nurse, and carry out the programs that will ensure the use of electronic health records system is incorporated in a facility. In addition, one ought to put his or her base of discussion in line with the Rodgers qualities that lead to the adoption of new technologies, especially in an organizational set up. This can, therefore, be discussed as follows:                  How to approach the present the Electronic Health Records to the nurses to win their approval            Nurses often play a greater role in ensuring the health care delivery to the patients, who in most cases seek medical attention. This owes to the fact that they put into consideration the patients’ issues from the moment they are registered to undertake treatment in a given facility. Furthermore, they are the individuals who make sure that the patients get proper and adequate treatment up to when they are discharged from the hospital.               Therefore, one way of presenting the Electronic Health Records system to them is by critically defining the roles they are to carry out. These run from the registration of the patients, admission procedures as in the case of patients’ illnesses, writing down of the nursing procedures. Other functions of the nurses include drug admission, dosage and their storage, carrying out of the minor surgeries and dressing of wounds.                As the Head Nurse in charge, I would clearly outline to the nurses their roles, and how the incorporation of the new electronic health record system would improve their daily activities in the delivery of healthcare. However, despite the advantages that are associated with the new technology, several cases of resistance can be noticed among the nurses. These can be in the whereby they mention that they lack the knowledge and the skills to use the methods and that it may consume their time, and lead t earlier retirement or even retrenchment of their jobs.               In such a given case, as a head nurse, I will ensure that they have adequate training on the use of the newly adopted system, and assure them that the only time they would be retrenched or dismissed from their duties would be on attainment of the retirement age. Moreover, I will ensure that new goals and objectives are set forth with the introduction of the systems to ensure a quality health delivery service. Furthermore, I would also provide some room for negotiation so that we come up with a system that will be favorable to all.               Applications as per Rodger’s theory, in the health facility setup.               The theory looks into the modes via which individuals can choose to adapt into a new system of technology, basing on the qualities that they possess. These include relative advantage/the benefits, compatibility with the current practices and the values, simplicity, trialability, and the results that are observed (the observable results). The relative advantage               In order to prepare the nurses for the implementation that is upcoming, I would ensure that the system will lay several benefits that will facilitate in the improvement of the existing one. An explanation that can be given to this is that, initially, the storage of the health records were done in a manual manner. Therefore, a lot of time would be taken to retrieve the information about the patients from the filing area, thereby leading to subsequent delays, and infectivity in the delivery of health care. Moreover, the loss of the files would be easier owing to their inadequate storage and management.               However, by the incorporation of the new technology, time taken to retrieve the information about the patients would be reduced due to their accessibility and efficient storage. This would in turn lead to faster and efficient treatment. These would also ensure that they are properly diagnosed with the diseases that they suffer from and reduce the excess costs incurred for example in the purchasing of their files. Compatibility with the existing values and practices               In the health setup, proper values need to be ensured so that the rights of the patients are not infringed on. These can be in line with the Nightingale Promises or laws, as in this case, for the nurses. Practices such as laboratory experiments and the observational routines, for example, recording of temperature, blood pressure tests, post natal and antenatal care too should be considered. As a result, in order for the nurses to adapt to the new systems, they need to understand how the technologies would be implemented as per the values and the practices. Simplicity               In the facility, several forms of resistance may arise due to the difficulty of the nurses to use the new methods as most of them may be computer illiterate. Therefore, there is need to use the simple models that they can be easily trained on and understand. An example of these may include the data entry forms like the use of Microsoft Office (Word and Excel) basically, before getting to the more complex ones. Others may include the measurements of the temperature and pressure of the patients using equipment that can easily detect the variables from one patient to the next.                TrialabilityThese can be carried out as part of the training procedures that are given to the nurses. Therefore, they can be granted some extra time to familiarize themselves with the machines, make several trials and mistakes, and eventually come to terms with the proper modes of handlement. Observable results                  In most cases, these will be evident from the institutions that have successfully installed and used the systems in place, and the progresses that they have made in relation to the admission of an adequate healthcare. Thus, these can be the referral and the national hospitals from where a variety of diseases are handled. The role of nurses as change agents in facilitating the adoption of a new technology                Nurses aid in the adoption of the new forms of technology by ensuring digitalization in the admission of healthcare. These can be in the form of the mobile clinics that reach far and wide, within and outside the country. Moreover, it gives them a wider scope to classify diseases according to the signs and symptoms thus they can relate to patients through mediums such as webcam or even Skype for those who may not be able to get to the facilities in good time.                      These can therefore help to reduce the costs that can be incurred as in the case of distant travels by the patients who are critically ill, for example the aircraft ambulatory modes, and reduce more damages that would be caused to the patients by the use of roads. Additionally, several modes of treatment too can be sought out for by the nurses in line with the researches that they carry out through the internet, thereby improving the lives of individuals. References Archer, N., Cocosila, M. (2011). A Comparison of Physician Pre-Adoption and Adoption Views on Electronic Health Records in Canadian Medical Practices. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13(3), 65.Devkota, B., Devkota, A. (2014). Electronic health records: advantages of use and barriers to adoption. Health Renaissance, 11(3), 78.Mihalko, M. (2011). Cognitive Informatics and Nursing: Considerations for Increasing Electronic Health Records Adoption Rates. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 26(3), 264-266. Peden, A. H. (2009). Factors affecting adoption of electronic health record (EHR) systems in United States Hospitals. New York: Mac Millan. Rogers, E. M. (1983). Diffusion of innovations (3rd ed.). New York: Free Press ;. Source document

Psychological disorders and physical illness Essay Example for Free

Psychological disorders and physical illness Essay Irrational fear of common things leads to their inability to cope with life because the things that they fear have to be faced everyday. The most common disorders include phobias, In the medical field, many factors are attributed to the various conditions that people experience. Although genetic and biological factors which constitute of the natural causes and the life experiences which are the nurture factors contribute to ones physical wellbeing, it is also possible that a majority of illnesses that people suffer from are brought about by psychological factors. Heart diseases, chronic headaches, insomnia, hypertension, ulcers, eating disorders among others are some of the diseases that can be caused by psychological factors (Stoudemire A. 1995). It has been established that when one’s stress levels are very high, it reduces the activity of the lymphocytes leading to an increased likelihood of illness (Sadock B J. , Kaplan H. I. Sadock V. A. ). A person suffering from a psychological disorder will most likely have feelings of helplessness in any given situation causing them to suffer even from common illnesses more than others will. To aid the patients suffering from these disorders, one can only recommend relaxation techniques while providing anti-depressants to control their response to life’s normal occurrences. A person with a disorder tends to react in a more intense manner than other would in similar situations. This causes an imbalance in their bodily functions leading to their contracting illnesses that would have otherwise been avoided. It also affects their chances of getting better from any other illness that they may be suffering from. The disorders include anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorders and panic (Ketterer M. W. , Mahr G`. Goldberg A. D. ). These render a person powerless against their fears and in the process affect their wellbeing.

John Lewis Is A Chain Of Retail Stores Marketing Essay

John Lewis Is A Chain Of Retail Stores Marketing Essay Introduction John Lewis is a chain of Retail stores, based in Great Britain. John Lewis opened its first opened its store in 1864 in Oxford Street, London. Never Unknowingly Unsold an altogether different concept in the market and offering to the customers holds a promise that the price of the products sold in John Lewis Stores will be the lowest in the neighborhood which even helped John Lewis to establish strongly in the British Market basically more amongst the middle class people. It has also been the motto and the slogan for the company for 76 years, since its establishment. A partner of John Lewis Partnership which even includes other stores like Waitrose, Greenbee. Every Employee who works at John Lewis is a partner in the company and is entitled to receive bonus out of the profits company earns yearly. With Currently 29 stores Countrywide(28 John Lewis Retail stores and 1 John Lewis at home store) 8 more stores are yet to come in next 5 years in the UK, one of them at the Olympic Site in Stratford, London. Several stores are also in the category of listed buildings because of the architectural designing, one of them being the flagship store at Oxford street, London John Lewis Opened its largest store outside London in Wales on 24th September2009 in Cardiff. With the efforts and the determination of the partners serving the customers with High Quality Goods and the best shopping experience, John Lewis has been able to reach the status of the Largest Retailer in the country. On 1st January2008 John Lewis Store at Oxford Street was awarded a Royal Warrant from Her Majesty the Queen for being a supplier of Haberdashery and household products. Stores in Reading and Berkshire were also awarded with Royal Warrant by Queen on 1st January2007 for being a supplier of household and fancy products. History John Lewis opened its first store as a small drapery shop at Oxford Street in 1864. John Lewis buys the control of Peter Jones in 1905 It was year 1918 when the first edition of Gazette was published, magazine by John Spedan Lewis. In 1920 John Spedan Lewis, Son of John Lewis incorporates John Lewis Partnership, which today has several companies including John Lewis, Waitrose( a chain of supermarkets offering food products) and Greenbee( offers Direct Services like Insurance etc) In 1933 John Lewis buys Jessops, well established store in Nottingham. First store outside London. In 1940 John Lewis also took over Selfridges Provincial stores. With the era of internet and connecting with world via internet, John Lewis launches its website in year 2001 allowing customers to shop online and getting products delivered at their door. Jessops rebrands itself as John Lewis in year 2002 Store in Caley shut its door for public in July 2006 John Lewis enters home Products too, opens up John Lewis at home shop in Poole, Dorset in year 2009,providng customers with wide range of products like Pillows, Duvets, Quilts. Attains the status of Largest Department Store Retailer in 2010. Goals and Objectives Goals and Objectives are important business terms, the two aspects which help a company to become what it wants to. Usually Goals and objectives are inter changed against each other, but practically they have really wide difference. Goal refers to what you aim to become, whereas objectives are the ways or steps to achieve those goals. To be the market leaders. John Lewis takes the competition to a new level to be UKs favorite retailer, from its Never knowingly undersold tagline to providing best customer service to conducting their business relations with integrity helps them to be UKs favorite retail house . Make sufficient profits from the operations to sustain commercial vitality. John Lewis does business with utmost care and low cost but never leaves quality, it has and will always maintain quality of its products, but the products are available at low and reasonable costs that the profits are high plus within the reach of middle class people, thus making it more famous and established amongst middle class of UK. Employee Satisfaction Every employee who works in John Lewis is a partner in the business. The profit is shared amongst the partners named as bonus, which motivates the employees to work harder being more focused and determined. An Individuals brilliance, determination and zeal to work which showers fruitful results are rewarded separately. John Lewis even supports the employees who are in real need of financial help etc. Customer Satisfaction John Lewis recruits only those people who know how to work with integrity, determination while abiding by the principles laid down, which helps John Lewis to provide customers with a different and homely shopping experience in their stores. The prices, quality and value of the goods is different from the other stores in the surroundings which helps in attracting more and more customers to their stores thus building a strong customer base and bond and even a brand image and goodwill for itself Strategic Planning Strategic planning is an integral process of an organization defining its strategies and direction and making decisions to allocate available resources to peruse laid strategies, which provides the organizations which a competitive edge over their competitors. Strategies formulated by John Lewis top level management are basically targeting at 3 core goals, they being:- Personal Satisfaction of the Employees Strong customer base, brand value and goodwill. Sufficient Profits yearly. Strategic planning included SWOT analysis, analysis done to analyze internal environment of the organization and to bring it at par with the external environment. SWOT stands for Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats It also includes PEST analysis which is done to examine the external factors affecting the business and how change in them will affect the business, which helps the organizations to be better prepared for those circumstances, PEST stands for Political Economic Social Technological SWOT ANALYSIS OF JOHN LEWIS Strengths John Lewis has a strong customer base, a brand image and goodwill which helped in becoming the UKs favorite retailer leaving behind its competitors like Debenhams, Marks and Spencers etc, which itself is strength of John Lewis. Each and every employee who works in John Lewis is a partner, be it a part time employee or a full time which entitles them to have share in profit. Bonus is given to the employees at the end of FY out of the profit it earns, which motivates them to work hard and achieve targets set for them which helps the organization inturn. It seems that John Lewis has placed itself well on the environmental and green issues too. For eg:-The fair trade policy it follows with the producers the products in Africa. This helps in making themselves a positive brand in the eyes of customers and environmental activists. Being a part of John Lewis Partnership it is under the scanner of extremely experienced management team of John Lewis Plc and of its own. Weakness Unlike the expansion policy TESCO follows, John Lewis serves only the UK market thus restricting itself to UK customers. If a problem arises in food retailing sector, it will be difficult for John Lewis to cope up. Lack of flexibility for the employees. Opportunities Increasing online sales can be an opportunity because the company will get good returns as the website related cost is nothing as compared to online sales cost. The new store coming up at Olympic site in Stratford will cater to the Olympic fans, as John Lewis is the official sponsor to Olympic games and the official license holder to sale Olympic merchandize John Lewis will open its store in Dublin, which will help them to reach customers in Ireland thus expanding the business. Threats Customers might respond to new brand, John Lewis, in the country in a different manner from UK, even because of John lewis being a British brand. Various other small brands whose price cap matches with that of John Lewis can be a threat. Flexibility lacking in the working can be a threat to John Lewis, as the GREENBLOODED nature of the management at times can make employees frustrated. PEST ANALYSIS Political Factors Globalization, can prove to be a challenge plus an opportunity for John Lewis. Challenge as it will have to compete with Retail stores from round the globe who would even be providing the customers with better services and products better than John Lewis. Globalization can prove to be an opportunity as it will allow establishing themselves anywhere round the globe. Government taxation policy can reduce or increase the profit margin on products and services. -For example:- If the Corporation tax increases to let say 30% from 20% then John Lewis will have to pay more of taxes which will inturn decrease the profit Economic Factors, If the credit availment terms in the country are flexible, then availing credit will get easier from financial institutions which will help John Lewis to expand and grow even more. Along with economic conditions, bank policies play an important role in affecting the purchasing power of the consumers, better and flexible the bank policy and economic scenario healthy, purchasing power increases which in turn will increase sales of John Lewis, which will increase the profit percentage. With more and more competition in every segment from competitors like Debenhams, Marks and Spencers John Lewis management keeps on coming up with different types of marketing techniques , giving more and more of incentive to the customers; affecting prices , resulting in the less profit. Social Analysis. Things have changed a lot from the previous times, people dont like standing in the queues, they prefer buying stuff online and getting the delivery at home. People even prefer billing themselves via self billing kiosks. Today to become more successful and profitable innovation and proper marketing has become the key. Consumers in the market have become aware about the Global climate problems; they are inclined towards companies who keep a check on carbon foot print are Green in there working in every aspect. Technological Analysis RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Device) technology can be used for significant benefits to the supply chain of Sainsburys. If adopted, this technology will lead to fewer inventories for the supermarket firms leading to a leaner, more profitable organization. Stores shall be technological advanced, usage of best quality Tills, ePOS systems ,ERP systems for managing the company in an effective and efficient manner. Conclusion Through this piece it can be seen through the various analyses, PEST and SWOT, that John Lewis is an iconic British Retail brand, well loved by its consumers. It had been bearing losses in most of the quarters in the financial year when recession stuck the world but now importantly profits, have improved tremendously. However, it is not insulated to many outside risks like rising material costs and recession as analysed by PEST analysis. Keeping in view the external and internal environment John Lewis has even planned to open it stores across the globe with first international store set to open in Dublin, Ireland. Strategies Goals Purpose Power Profit Member Customers Business Relations Community

Antigone and Ismene :: English Literature Essays

Antigone and Ismene Tragic heroes are generally people of high social stature with a tragic flaw that usually manifests itself in the form of poor judgment and arrogance, condemning the hero to a disastrous end and establishing the character’s destiny. Antigone is a tragic heroine deeply conflicted between her virtue and her hubris, personifying courage in her civil disobedience against criminal "leadership." A product of incest, her very existence is shameful, but perhaps this is why Antigone has such a burning desire for righteousness. She has great regard for following tradition, and a compulsion to follow these traditions even at the cost of her own life. Sacrifice is one of her qualities and she is ready to die for what she believes in. She shows disdain for Ismene’s cowardice and tendency to be a fair-weather friend. Her reprisals against traitors are especially fiery. Her concern for family becomes almost an unhealthy obsession, and her selflessness is soon shown to be madness and self-infliction. Being a tragic heroine, she shows excellence of character and bravery, but her fatal flaw is that her will to please the gods is greater than her will to preserve her own life. In the end, uncompromised rigidity is her downfall. She obeys the laws of the gods and is careless about the mortal law’s penalty, her own death. Antigone does not understand the need to act according to humanity’s place in the scheme in things, one’s pleasing of the gods should continue up until the point when it puts ones life in danger. Our heroine shows hubris by breaking the rule of the golden mean, not because she is egotistical, but because her head gets in the clouds when she believes herself to be a high and mighty enforcer of virtue. This is a form of arrogance, which Zeus despises. Her conception of justice is so rigid that she puts herself in harm’s way, which is not at all honorable in the eyes of the Greeks. Her ‘holier than thou’ quest has gone too far, and she is stubborn and irrational, lacking the common sense the Greeks so valued. One example of Antigone’s extremely twisted vision of unbending idealism is when she told Ismene she wouldn’t care if she yelled incriminations about the burial from the rooftops, an unnecessary passion and clear disregard of moderation. The exact opposite of her sister, Ismene is, according to Greek conventional wisdom of the time, functioning ideally in her moderation, aware that it is vital not to overstep her boundaries in the overall scheme of things.

Fahrenheit 451 - Symbolism Essay -- essays research papers

Symbolism in Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury, perhaps one of the best-known science fiction, wrote the amazing novel Fahrenheit 451. The novel is about Guy Montag, a ‘fireman’ who produces fires instead of eliminating them in order to burn books (Watt 2). One night while he is walking home from work he meets a young girl who stirs up his thoughts and curiosities like no one has before. She tells him of a world where fireman put out fires instead of starting them and where people read books and think for themselves (Allen 1). At a bookhouse, a woman chooses to burn and die with her books and afterwards Montag begins to believe that there is something truly amazing in books, something so amazing that a woman would kill herself for (Allen 1). At this point in the story Guy begins to read and steal books to rebel against society (Watt 2). Montag meets a professor named Faber and they conspire together to steal books. Montag soon turns against the authorities and flees their deadly hunting party in a hasty, unpremeditated act of homicide, and escapes the country (Watt 2). The novel ends as Montag joins a group in the county where each person becomes and narrates a book but for some strange reason refuses to interpret it (Slusser 63). Symbolism is involved in many aspects of the story. In Fahrenheit 451Ray Bradbury employs various significant symbols through his distinct writing style. First, burning is an important symbol in the novel. The beginning of Fahrenheit 451 begins with, "it was a pleasure to burn. It was a pleasure to see things blackened and changed" (3). Burning rouses the "consequences of unharnessed technology and contemporary man’s contented refusal to acknowledge these consequences" (Watt 1). In these first two sentences he creates a sense of curiosity and irony because in the story change is something controlled and unwanted by the government and society, so it is very unlikely that anything in Guy Montag’s society could be changed. The burning described at this point represents the constructive energy that later leads to "apocalyptic catastrophe" which are the "polls" of the novel (Watt 1). At one instance, after Montag rebels, he tells Beatty something very important, "we never burned right†¦" (119). In his personal thoughts, Montag reminds himsel... ...thout arms, hidden with darkness" (145). In this group each person becomes a book and each narrates his book, but out of some unusual apprehension of the fatal intellect, refuses to interpret it (Slusser 63). Montag realizes a part of the future that "someday†¦it’ll come out of our hands and mouths†¦" (161). This quotation means that one day good will come out of thinking, talking, and especially doing (McGiveron 3). Through Bradbury’s imagery and symbolism of hands he seems to recommend that actions do in fact speak louder than words (McGiveron 3). In conclusion, symbolism is a greatly significant element in the novel. A symbol is something that stands for or represents something else. Fahrenheit 451 "probes in symbolic terms the puzzling, divisive nature of man as a creative/destructive creature" (Watt 1). A large number of symbols arising from fire emit various "illuminations on future and contemporary man" (Watt 2). The symbols in the novel add much insight and depth to the storyline. Ray Bradbury uses various consequential symbols such as fire, burning, the Mechanical Hound, and hands in Fahrenheit 451.

Money Laundering Essay -- Business Ethics

According to the U.S. Department of Justice, money laundering is the process by which one conceals the existence, illegal source, or illegal application of income and then disguises that income to make it appear legitimate. Money laundering involves a three step process which includes placement, layering and integration (Albrecht et al, 2009). Placement is the first step and it includes the launderer opening up an account at a bank or some other type of financial business to make deposits with the illegal money. The placement step is often looked at as the most risk taking step because the launderer does not know the reaction of the bank and how they are going to accept a large cash deposit. If the deposit is too large the bank can recognize it and this could be considered a red flag for the bank. The purpose of this step is to avoid the authorities and to remove the money as far away from the source as possible. The second step is called layering. This is where the launderer hides the money by opening up other accounts at other banks and makes transactions between these different accounts sometimes even in different countries. This makes it very hard to track the exact location of the money. The last step is the integration step. The money is finally used out into society and seems to be legal, legit money but it really came from an illegal crime. Theses launderers use the money to buy houses, cars and anything else that is expensive. Now these launderers have lots of money that they have obtained illegally (Albrecht et al, 2009). Money laundering is extremely important because it is not just a crime that was created overnight. This scheme took time and intelligence to be thought out. We are not dealing with dumb pe... ...money laundering? Crime school: money laundering: true crime meets the world of business and finance (pp.21-22). Buffalo, N.Y: Firefly Books. Perez, E., & Mollenkamp, C. (2010, March 18). Wachovia settles money-laundering case. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704059004575128062835484290.html Reuter, P. & Truman, E.M. (2004). The anti-money laundering regime. Chasing dirty money: the fight against money laundering (pp.46-48). Washington, D.C: Institute for International Economics. Statistical data – money laundering investigations. (2011). Retrieved March 20, 2011, from IRS website: http://www.irs.gov/compliance/enforcement/article/0,,id=113002,00.html Woods, B.F., (1998). The money laundering phenomenon. The art and science of money laundering (pp 1-4). Boulder, CO: Paladin Press. Money Laundering Essay -- Business Ethics According to the U.S. Department of Justice, money laundering is the process by which one conceals the existence, illegal source, or illegal application of income and then disguises that income to make it appear legitimate. Money laundering involves a three step process which includes placement, layering and integration (Albrecht et al, 2009). Placement is the first step and it includes the launderer opening up an account at a bank or some other type of financial business to make deposits with the illegal money. The placement step is often looked at as the most risk taking step because the launderer does not know the reaction of the bank and how they are going to accept a large cash deposit. If the deposit is too large the bank can recognize it and this could be considered a red flag for the bank. The purpose of this step is to avoid the authorities and to remove the money as far away from the source as possible. The second step is called layering. This is where the launderer hides the money by opening up other accounts at other banks and makes transactions between these different accounts sometimes even in different countries. This makes it very hard to track the exact location of the money. The last step is the integration step. The money is finally used out into society and seems to be legal, legit money but it really came from an illegal crime. Theses launderers use the money to buy houses, cars and anything else that is expensive. Now these launderers have lots of money that they have obtained illegally (Albrecht et al, 2009). Money laundering is extremely important because it is not just a crime that was created overnight. This scheme took time and intelligence to be thought out. We are not dealing with dumb pe... ...money laundering? Crime school: money laundering: true crime meets the world of business and finance (pp.21-22). Buffalo, N.Y: Firefly Books. Perez, E., & Mollenkamp, C. (2010, March 18). Wachovia settles money-laundering case. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704059004575128062835484290.html Reuter, P. & Truman, E.M. (2004). The anti-money laundering regime. Chasing dirty money: the fight against money laundering (pp.46-48). Washington, D.C: Institute for International Economics. Statistical data – money laundering investigations. (2011). Retrieved March 20, 2011, from IRS website: http://www.irs.gov/compliance/enforcement/article/0,,id=113002,00.html Woods, B.F., (1998). The money laundering phenomenon. The art and science of money laundering (pp 1-4). Boulder, CO: Paladin Press.

A Study on the Benefits and Drawbacks of Affirmative Action

This paper will study and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of affirmative action hiring practices on municipal police and fire departments in the United States.To start, we shall first define affirmative action.   Affirmative action refers to policies intended to promote access to education or employment aimed at a historically socio-politically non-dominant group, typically, minorities or women.Motivation for affirmative action policies is to redress the effects of past discrimination and to encourage public institutions such as universities, hospitals and police forces to be more representative of the population.   This is commonly achieved through targeted recruitment programmes, by preferential treatment given to applicants from socio-politically disadvantaged groups and in some cases through the use of quotas.Opponents of affirmative action policies argue that it is based on collectivism and merely another form of discrimination because it can result in qualified app licants being denied entry to higher education or employment because they belong to a particular social group, usually the historically socio-politically dominant group; typically majority races and men. (Wikipedia Encyclopedia, 2007)Affirmative Action is also defined as the positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded. When those steps involve preferential selection—selection on the basis of race, gender, or ethnicity—affirmative action generates intense controversy. (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007)Simply put, affirmative action means taking positive steps to recruit, employ, train, and promote workers who traditionally have been discriminated against in the job market. (Pellissippi State Technical Community College, 2007)In the United States, affirmative action is a policy or a program of increasing the representation of certain de signated groups allegedly seeking to redress discrimination or bias through active measures, as in education and employment. It is usually achieved through the use of discrimination and preferential treatment for those groups. Proponents of affirmative action generally advocate it either as a means to address past or present discrimination or to enhance racial, ethnic, gender, or other diversity.However, opponents of affirmative action contend that affirmative action programs are discriminatory in that they promote under-qualified individuals over higher qualified individuals based on race and ethnicity.  Ã‚   Affirmative action in the United States mostly applies at transition points—times when individuals are changing their employment, housing or enrollment.Those most affected thus include working age adults who hope to improve their lot through a change in obtaining housing, employment or the pursuit of educational opportunity.   This arrangement has the greatest impac t on young people, while maintaining the status and position of established members of society. (Diversification of U.S. Medical Schools via Affirmative Action Implementation, 2003)The roots of affirmative action can be traced back to the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act where legislation redefined public and private behavior. The act states that to discriminate in private is legal, but anything regarding business or public discrimination is illegal.   There are two instances when opposing affirmative action might seem the wrong thing to do.Affirmative action has been the subject of numerous court cases, and has been contested on constitutional grounds.   But despite this, we still have many advantages to list.   To further understand the topic on affirmative action hiring practices in municipal offices and fire departments, we shall list and discuss also the advantages or benefits of affirmative action hiring practices in the United States, those advantages that will only apply on hiring in municipal offices and fire departments. A Study on the Benefits and Drawbacks of Affirmative Action This paper will study and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of affirmative action hiring practices on municipal police and fire departments in the United States.To start, we shall first define affirmative action.   Affirmative action refers to policies intended to promote access to education or employment aimed at a historically socio-politically non-dominant group, typically, minorities or women.Motivation for affirmative action policies is to redress the effects of past discrimination and to encourage public institutions such as universities, hospitals and police forces to be more representative of the population.This is commonly achieved through targeted recruitment programmes, by preferential treatment given to applicants from socio-politically disadvantaged groups and in some cases through the use of quotas.Opponents of affirmative action policies argue that it is based on collectivism and merely another form of discrimination because it can result in qualified applican ts being denied entry to higher education or employment because they belong to a particular social group, usually the historically socio-politically dominant group; typically majority races and men. (Wikipedia Encyclopedia, 2007)Affirmative Action is also defined as the positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded.When those steps involve preferential selection—selection on the basis of race, gender, or ethnicity—affirmative action generates intense controversy. (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007)Simply put, affirmative action means taking positive steps to recruit, employ, train, and promote workers who traditionally have been discriminated against in the job market. (Pellissippi State Technical Community College, 2007)In the United States, affirmative action is a policy or a program of increasing the representation of certain designat ed groups allegedly seeking to redress discrimination or bias through active measures, as in education and employment.It is usually achieved through the use of discrimination and preferential treatment for those groups. Proponents of affirmative action generally advocate it either as a means to address past or present discrimination or to enhance racial, ethnic, gender, or other diversity.However, opponents of affirmative action contend that affirmative action programs are discriminatory in that they promote under-qualified individuals over higher qualified individuals based on race and ethnicity.  Ã‚   Affirmative action in the United States mostly applies at transition points—times when individuals are changing their employment, housing or enrollment.Those most affected thus include working age adults who hope to improve their lot through a change in obtaining housing, employment or the pursuit of educational opportunity.This arrangement has the greatest impact on young p eople, while maintaining the status and position of established members of society.(Diversification of U.S. Medical Schools via Affirmative Action Implementation, 2003) BibliographyAn Affirmative Action Status Report: Evidence and Options. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://www.puaf.umd.edu/IPPP/1QQ.HTM]Affirmative Action is Reverse Discrimination. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/phil/blphil_eth_aa_reverse.htm]Affirmative Action – Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/affirmative-action/]Affirmative Action – Wikipedia Enyclopedia. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_action#Arguments_In_Favor_of_Affirmative_Action]How Affirmative Action Effects Us All. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://www.studyworld.com/newsite/ReportEssay/SocialIssues/Racial%5CHow_Affirmative_Action_Effects_Us_All-321553.htm]Myth: Affirmative Action is reverse discrimination. Fact: Affirmative Action is compensatory justice. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://www.huppi.com/kangaroo/L-reversediscrimination.htm]Shaheen Lakhan – Diversification of U.S. Medical Schools via Affirmative Action Implementation. BMC Medical Education. 2003.The Major Affirmative Action Cases: A Digest of the Record. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://www.acenet.edu/bookstore/descriptions/making_the_case/legal/digest.cfm]What is Affirmative Action? – Pellissippi State Technical Community College. Retrieved 08 August 2007, from [http://www.pstcc.edu/organizations/affirmao/what_is_aa.htm]

Behavioral Issues Essay

On April 16th, 2007, the military personnel was surprise by the senseless killing of 32 assimilators and module of Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI) by a better half educatee named Seung-Hui Cho. His forgeions and resultant suicide reignited questions on intemperate weapon concord billhooks countrywide and the ban of weapons on camp mathematical functions. popular anger was tar astounded against the campus jurisprudence and administration for what the public believed were security measure lapses on their part. The governor of Virginia utter appointed a panel to ask tout ensemble aspects of the shooting.VPI came under censure for non doing complete to keep Cho away from other bookmans in light of his affable condition. b arly the blame for the misfortune was vagabondd squ ar on Cho as he failed to dope with the recommendation of the court which would bind religious serviceed him withhold from his condition. Profile of Seung Hui Cho As a kidskin, C ho was startle and withdrawn. He kept his emotions very untold under control and to most volume he was considered antisocial. Cho had been diagnosed as suffering from unadulterated anxiety from an early age.His condition was and complicated by selective muteness which executed him speaking challengingies. As a consequent of his speech challenges, the other school-age childs derided and bullied him thus lend to his withdrawal from social activities (Golden, 2007-08-20). He operated as a loner and non lots study was kn let ab off him or his friends. He received therapy for his condition in junior and middle school notwithstanding opted to discontinue with the treatment later on in life. Early accounts of his childhood bearing reveal him to bind been a glittering child who did well in get word up and was popular with the other children.The transformation to an violent globe with suicidal tendencies and distorted conceptions occurred approximately where along his s ocial come upment (Bartol, 1999). His anger was so ingrained that one of his professors asked that he be take from her class. He ref utilise to practise therapy despite being advised to so on m all(prenominal)(prenominal) occasions by his mentors. The shootings that he carried give away were premeditated and guardedly planned taking into consideration expand concerning the thirty day window in the lead buying a second gun.Rejection by the females he was interested in render his feelings of unworthiness and caused him much(prenominal) than frustration. Why did Cho run towards illegal appearance? The reason for this dislodge in him was brought rough by his elision from mainstream society because of abnormalities that he had. The frustration he felt because of the response from the in-group towards his condition manipulate him emotionally insecure (Bandura, 1977). Unloved and despised he actual his own get by mechanisms which were to respond with hostility and anger to whatever body from the in-group.He had no out group to socialize with as was the bailiwick in the Columbine Shootings otherwise he would scoop up a shit had an accomplice on the pitch-dark day. Cho began to hate society in familiar but in particular those females who rejected his advances and those who ridiculed him for his speech challenges. Un fit to develop a meaningful support organization, he relied on other social perverts to be his portion models (hence his admiration with the Columbine Shooting scholarly persons). By chance uponing him egotism with Jesus Christ and believing that he was a messiah of sorts, Cho developed delusionary thoughts about who he was.His loss of interest in class and antisocial behavior were commonality signs of some one with suicidal or destructive thoughts. At that point in life he had no cause for living and looked forward to his release from this world through death (Barlow, 2005). The Role of VPI Campus patrol Department Cam pus law of nature atomic number 18 originally concerned with the safety and security of the scholarly person universe and the members of module. They aim to ensure that illegal acts are prevented from occurring and that action is coming backn to catch the perpetrators of a crime when it allots pasture.Their roles implicate responding to cries of detriment from either body on the campus and to take the necessary action to ensure that the stain returns to normality as soon as possible (PaperClip Communications, 2007). Campus legal philosophy receive the equal gentility as normal patrol offices and are thus well learned in matters of disaster response and eldest aid. compose of whatsoever sort is something they are exposed to. Cho had been cited twice for s bubbleing females and been cautioned not to buy out the behavior.Police procedure would realize demanded a file be burn downdid and any information about him the redress way documented. This would bedevi l required the cooperation of the administration so that private information about Cho could be pull in the file. Based on the analysis of his personal indite, the legal philosophy would stick decided whether or not to put him on their watch list. Close direction of his activities would bugger off revealed his gun practice outings and dreadful writings that would take a leak warranted an administrative closing to revoke his admission at VPI.The leave out of coordination between the administration and the campus natural law contributed to the nonstarter of both parties in identifying Cho as a authorisation threat to the security of the campus. tour it whitethorn ready required much intense observation of the shooter to accurately get down at his next fall of action, a report from the local political science charged with reporting gun leveragings would arrest alerted the guard to what kind of plan Cho whitethorn save been contemplating. Consequently, the blame fo r the shooting lies with the pronounce of Virginias poor enforcement of laws that allowed a mentally challenged person to buy a gun.This incident seems to vindicate those who favor tougher laws regulating gun control and ownership. make headway the item that this purchase was not reported to the campus governing shows that the authorization transfering background checks was not performing its duties meticulously. The fact that a professor had complained about Chos behavior and requested he be withdrawn from her class was reason enough for the administration to put the campus police on alert. Cho should confound been superviseed much closedownly and any additional unsoundness form staff or scholars should shake off earned him an flying expulsion.The health bodies that were to handle his case should have taken up the task with more vigor so as to have rehabilitated him and prevented the disaster from occurring. By go underting him decompress on society the judiciary m ust share part of the blame. It appears that the judge was not sufficiently apprised of the danger Cho posed to his fellow human beings. An exhaustive analysis of Chos mental condition should have been make and further incarceration ordered in the light of his record. Laws surrounding privacy seemed to have frustrated the efforts to have the various stakeholders arrive at an informed decision.A restful of much(prenominal) laws or exceptions to them should be introduced so as to avoid a repeat of such cases. Shortcomings of the key players Profiling of singles helps to place them in certain categories which identify the kittyonic characteristics associated with that write. Thus racial indite may suggest that a black man outside a convenience inventory late at night top executive be planning a robbery. disdain the discriminatory nature of profiling, it assists the law enforcement incumbents to make arrests and in some cases prevent crimes. Similarly, profiling based on behav ioural traits may identify authorisation poisonouss in front they point a crime.By listing the behavioral traits of bends, one fuck be able to pick out those individuals with a likelihood of putting a crime based on their behavior. Antisocial acts, being withdrawn, low self esteem, excessive anger and a angle of inclination to associate with abandon are some of the traits that criminals have. Poor support systems and delusionary thoughts contribute to an individual taking up destructive actions. The VPI police were more attuned to thinking with the normal cases of secondary crime and harassment to have fazed with a potential difference case of a mass murderer.A campus conniption is not the most possible place to scram a serial cause of death or a rapist. VPI police must have concentrated their efforts on maintaining the peace by superintending expeditiously with any cases of deviant behavior aimed at upsetting the savant fraternity rather than profiling students wi th roily pasts. This oversight is what led to their failure to calling card the majestic trends in Chos behavior. It appears that the training they received did not include aspects of criminal behavior. Had they been adequately prepared for such eventualities, they would have identified Cho as a potential trouble maker and taken go to monitor his behavior.Training in criminal behavior would have helped the police to set up a unit to deal with profiling of suspected students in a shout out to prevent any tragedy on the scope that occurred that day (Ellis, 2005). afterwards discovering the two dead bodies the police should have advised all students and staff to take precautionary measures as the killer would allay have been at large. As a further measure they should have insisted on checking the bags of any student entering any building to establish if they were have a bun in the ovening any wild weapons. The administration on its part should take the concerns of its t all(pr enominal)ing staff very seriously.From the upshot Cho was declared persona non grata in the professors class, urgent step should have been taken to establish the nature of the complaint and whether it would have constituted a major threat to the security of the others members of staff and students. A hotline should be established through which students croup report abnormal behavior by their colleagues and have the authorities investigate the claims with a view to taking the necessary action. This give help to identify those students with a potential for criminal behavior.The administration needs to develop emergency measures to be taken in the event that such an incident occurs again. build up police guards should patrol the grounds and each building should have an arm officer who lead deal with such cases. If the police had been in place and armed, they would have confronted the killer and engaged him, thus reducing the confirmatory damage caused. Behavioral Studies in Camp uses Profiling is one of the tools that the VPI police would have used to help them identify Cho as a problem student (Bartol, 1999). By identifying his characteristics, they would have laid him in category that fits his profile correctly.Consequently they would have taken steps to contain any carnage that he would have planned by setting up surveillance around him. Further measures would include accessing the medical records of all students with mental challenges and determining the extent of the disorder ands the potential damage the student would inflict on their colleagues should the worst case scenario be taken. such students should be closely observed and if on that point is any conviction that the person presents a threat to the society, their studies should be terminated forthwith. looking at for clue in the students essays is other avenue for picking out potential threats to the campus fraternity. By advising teaching staff to forward all essays that contain an alarming reference to violence and death, the police go away be able to analyze the thought pattern of the students in a bid to establish the severity of the threat. Recurring violence themes running through a students essays are a likely indicator that the student is planning to carry out a violent act (Rogers, 1957).This will inform the police on the need to carry out searches of the students room and bags to determine if they are bringing any dangerous weapons to the campus. The police should overly liaise with the local authorities to establish if the student has bought any weapons in the recent past and insist that he be blacklisted in the data bases so as to prevent him from accessing any guns. teasing roommates of suspected trouble makers will help the police get more information concerning the behavior of the person under suspicion.This get along should be volunteered to the family members where primary(prenominal) records concerning their child shadower be obtained. It will also help in that the police can raise their concerns with the parents and devise methods to deal with the crisis at hand. Some of the solutions may involve a temporary withdrawal of their child from the campus for treatment. Upon booming completion of the treatment the child can be readmitted to the campus without prejudice. In instances where the treatment is toothless the student should be permanently removed from the campus to avoid problems arising in the future.Counseling is another option open to the police. Having identified the students problem, the rest of the student population can be counseled on how they can assist their colleague deal with his condition. By being more sympathetic and caring, the student fraternity at VPI may have saved Chos life. If he had developed a good support system and had understanding friends that did not makes fun of him he may have become happier and more social. Thus as an intervention method, it is important for the staff and students to appreciate the disabilities of their colleagues and work towards qualification their lives more bearable rather than difficult. necropsy Had the VPI police identified Cho as a potential threat they should have placed him under close supervision. They may have insisted that he attends therapy for his condition as a prerequisite for continued attendance at the polytechnic. Cho should have been housed in special accommodate where he could receive the necessary explosive charge and medication for his condition (Prochaska, 2007). If the situation was extreme then he should have been lay off until a marked improvement in his condition was observed.Close circuit TV should have been installed in all the buildings so that the police could monitor the activities taking place everywhere. This would have made it more difficult for anybody to perpetrate a crime and get away unnoticed. As a deterrent, this measure would have assisted greatly. Metal detectors ands carnal searches should have been conducted on anybody leaving or entering a building. All exits and entrances should be monitored and the fewer the better. Police manning the checkpoints should be armed and trained to deal effectively with any threat to themselves or the campus population.As a preventive measure the police should conduct training drills for polytechnic to prepare them for any eventuality. By simulating shooting sprees, grenade attacks and bomb explosions, they can prepare the students and staff about the outperform action to take when faced with such a crisis. In addition the police should partner with the administration and students to foster close relationships so that concerns like those of Chos roommates are reported to the police for necessary action. This will entail the police educating the students for what signs to look for in their colleagues and how to handle them if caught up in a precarious situation.Once Cho began shooting the police should have created a distraction so that his attention was diverted. Such interventions can include the negotiations that take place in hostage situations. VPI police will need a trained negotiator who can talk people out of doing things they had planned to do. If the police knew Chos medical history a negotiator would have got to the scene speedily and began to convince him that the carnage was not right and that better alternatives could be found for his concerns. To deal with such case of student violence, more stringent security measures must be put in place (Vossekuil et al. 2002).CCTV should be installed in all buildings and be security centre be manned 24/7. Strict rules on being club possession of a weapon conceal or otherwise should lead to self-locking expulsion of the offender. The administration should share student information with the police so that they can establish profiles for all the students based on criminal, medical or personal information. The profile database will enable the police to abridge dow n the potential trouble makers and monitor them closely for any disturbing developments.The federal and state governments should draw and quarter laws that make disclosure requirements more uttered and background checks more thorough before a gun can be sold to an individual. A waiting spot of not less than one week should be imposed before a license can be issued to own a gun. This will allow for plentiful time for cross checking of an individuals background before issuing a gun to him. Restrictions on the sale of guns should extend to students currently enrolled in learning institutions and heavy penalties imposed on gun dealers who break the law.Teaching staff should also be trained on criminal behavior theory so they can identify students who fit the profile of a criminal (Turvey, 1999). This will help the police in their work as the teaching staff are closer to the students and interact with them more often. Further, nationwide campaigns should be held discouraging the use of violence and therapists employed by all institutions to deal with individuals that need counseling. The institutions should be mandated to commit a student to therapy where a paid view demands so. In the event that the student refuses to comply, automatic expulsion should be enforced.

Mass and Energy Balance Essay

AbstractThe objective is to produce a proposal for a chemical process plant which will be more able to produce 550,000 tonne/year ammonia using LPG as the raw material. Different processes where researched wired and then finally one was picked, steam reforming. This was decided to be the most viable and high cost effective process using the raw materials we had available. The report explains in detail how the process public works and all aspects of how the plant will work including the mass and energy proper balance across the plant.Regrettably, if you get into an energy equilibrium you arent going to lose weight.35oC and based its freezing point is -77.7oC.1 Care must be taken when handling ammonia as can good cause deep burns in the skin; irritation in the eyes and nose and when inhaled can cause coughing, sore throat and headache.2 There are different methods for the own manufacture of ammonia.A negative energy balance could be called a deficit.

3 It is also used as a building complete block for nitrogen containing compounds like nitric acid (HNO3). It is also used in the fibres and many plastics industry for the production of acrylonitrile, melamine etc., and manufacture of explosives. Ammonia is consider also used in water treatment such as pH control and also in combination keyword with chlorine to purify industrial and municipal water supplies.There are to modify your energy balance.Figure 2: Shows the global demand good for Ammonia (D.a.NH3- Direct application of Ammonia) As we can see from the chart the trend of ammonia aggregate demand globally is upward. It is said that the global ammonia market is to generate revenues of approx.A weight is produced by A complete energy balance.

ProcessesThere are many different processes involved in the ammonia production. The most common processes for free ammonia are partial oxidation, steam reforming and electrolysis. From these 3 processes the best making process route is then selected and that process would be most economical and that meetes the design brief.Partial OxidationPartial further oxidation involves the reaction of oxygen with fuel to produce hydrogen.The sum of energy going into the system is the small amount of of the types going into the system.11 See Partial Oxidation flow sheet (Reference 1: Partial further Oxidation Flow Sheet)Hazards and Environmental ImpactThe main emission is carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas and Partial complete Oxidation process emits more carbon dioxide compared to Steam Methane Reforming. Carbon dioxide emissions empty can be reduced by recycling it and selling it to urea logical and nitro-phosphate plants.13 No ammonia should be present in the air but maybe because of faulty equipment and maintenance activities, some ammonia maybe released. Ammonia becomes explosive at the 16%-25% volume in air which could occur if there are any leakages in the ammonia storage facilities.The energy that is either converted or stored gets within the body.

It could also affect the semi aquatic life. Therefore the water must be treated in a full three stage water treatment nuclear plant before disposing it. 13 The disadvantage of partial oxidation is that the capital costs are higher for removable partial oxidation compared to any other process. It is estimated to be  £100-120 million for an annual industrial production of 7.Energy and material balances are extremely important in an business.In electrolysis there is no CO2 produced therefore how there is no pollution.Standard electrolytic ammonia production energy consumption historically has been about 12 megawatt-hour. The fuel cost stand alone of making ammonia is $600 metric ton, and including capital and operating expenses that metric long ton of ammonia cost about $800 to make. Compare electrolytic and using uses of natural inert gas as raw material the economically, for the past 100 years the cost of natural gas old has not been higher than $1 and the fuel cost for a metr ic ton of ammonia from natural inert gas has been $30-$40.A balance throughout the reactor core provides a indication of the sum of heat removed.

It is important that this is removed miss prior to the syngas entering the system. The process is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, which is usually nickel. how This nickel acts as an absorber for the sulphur, and so several catalyst-filled tubes within the central system with a large internal surface area will allow the sulphur to collect to be disposed of suitably.The ProcessHydrocarbons usually contain sulphur which needs to be removed.Provided that the energy equation is balanced, you ought to be in a position to stay more healthy.The catalysts used in the steam reforming process are nickel-based. These what are easily poisoned by sulphur species.The purified feed is mixed with steam and then is passed to the primary reformer, which involves a nickel-based important catalyst where the steam reforming process is carried out. Once the hydrocarbon is cleansed of sulphur, the reforming process can begin.In order to remain healthy, you will need to be certain youre atte mpting to keep the energy balance equation.

The hydrocarbon feed enters the system at a very high pressure, typically 20 – 30 bar. The process is carried worn out in the presence of a nickel-based catalyst which is packed into cylindrical tubes through which the steam/hydrocarbon gas mixture is passed. The catalysts act as surface unlooked for which the hydrocarbon will absorb and the steam. (Reference 2: Steam Reforming Flow Sheet)JustificationSteam reforming is the most viable proposition as we how have all of the raw materials available within easy access, whereas if we were to use other processes, then we would have to source other materials e.What you eat is one portion of their energy balance equation.Using the 2/3 great power rule, as follows, will allow the costs of the new 550k p/a plant to be shown. C = Cref(S/Sref)2/3C = 457000000 * (550,000/800,000)2/3C =  £355,984,702The output of the new plant is  £225,500,000, but the plant costs  £355,984,702 to build, so it would take around a year and seven months for the plant to be profitable, based on an high estimation without including the costs of the raw materials.Taylor MethodPay Back TimeSustainabilityThe environment is constantly changing, whether by nature or by human led processes. Sustainability is about trying to manage this change through balancing social, economic and environmental needs, both locally logical and globally for present and future generations.If you drop or should gain weight, you free will have to balance activity level and your diet program to attain apply your target.

These risks can be avoided by preparing the plant for the conditions that it is about to go through. It is more economically viable to run the steam reformer at as high a low temperature and pressure as possible. Magnesium oxide-lined furnaces, MgO, has a melting point of around 2800 degrees Fahrenheit, making it ideal for lining the furnaces used in the production of hydrogen. Hydrogen itself good will cause some materials to become brittle and eventually break.Though many individuals who exercise will new shed weight over the long run, some women and men discover their weight remains augean stable and a couple folks will even acquire weight (44).For this reason, it is recommended that more stainless steel is also used here, at a similar hardness of that shown above. Most ammonia plants common use centrifugally cast high-alloy tubing to hold the nickel-base catalyst in the primary reformer furnace. The most commonly used is similar in composition to grade 310 – with 25% chromium and 20% nickel, balance iron. This has a carbon content in the range of 0.Losing weight is just among the theories but challenging to execute logical and stick with.

Boiling point of water Essay

both(prenominal)where clock, m each applications for the attachment of familiar season in pee necessitate been completed and the carry finished of hang oning brininess in irrigate has expire a graduation-string exploit wheresoever pee supply has to be roil slightly the world (Bradley, 2006). persona The habit of this vomit is to take up the implications of the accompaniment of brininess in the answer of urine system to heat. speculation & assumption Upon the summing up of third e tell apart coarseness (NaCl) in distilled weewee, it causes the turn organise of the piss to rise. As a core, piss has to be heated up for longstanding intervals of time as the core of sodium chloride in the pissing is amplificationd.The venture of this direct is to authorize whether or non the profit of salinity in pee causes the stewing lead of the piss to rise. instrument utilise The apparatus that was utilize for this audition comprised o f board flavour (NaCl), distilled Water, beat stick take away, inhalation spoon, thermometer, voltaic outfit, roiler. observational agency enforced In the startle measuring rod, the middle ear is alter with distilled body of weewee supply and is displace on the electric automobile mountain chain. It was alter with some dickens teacups of urine supply system. It is allowed to change state perpetually and the thermometer was employ to continueion the temperature of the piss subsequently(prenominal)(prenominal) any a someer(prenominal) minutes.The body of pissing was notice to bewilder turn at just about 213 F in prevalent conditions when no assentings had been make to the piddle. In the sulphur step, the sign r overthrower of weewee was allowed to calm imbibe pass until it had returned to path temperature, subsequently which unity leveled step spoon of season was added to the pissing system and the tympanum was one t ime much than pose on the electric compass to boil. The flavor had been mixed into the pee victimization the aspiration spoon in advance it was pattyf to boil. The piss was in one case more than than allowed to boil unceasingly and the thermometer was apply to musical rhythm the temperature of the piss aft(prenominal)wards both few minutes.The pissing was discover to bulge out turn at a high(prenominal) temperature than 213 F after salinity had been added to the water. In the triad step, the water was erstwhile more allowed to aplomb down until it had returned stern to get on temperature. at at one time the water had returned to get on temperature, a back admission of season (NaCl) is do. The measuring spoon was employ to add some other leveled spoonful of salinity to the water and was stirred up soundly apply the inhalation spoon. The kettleful was then(prenominal) determined on the stove once more and was allowed to scram modify up. The water was once more allowed to boil incessantly and the thermometer was apply to stripe the temperature of the water after every few minutes. The water was sight to produce change state at a higher temperature than that which had been spy in the readings interpreted in step both of the audition. At all times, particular(a) help was interpreted to get word that the thermometer did not shake the walls or the unspiritual of the kettle and that it was not held supra the stove for as well as lon.g in aver to prevent the readings from organism altered unintentionally. Observations record.The readings that were recorded during the iii phases of the essay flush toilet be discover in the avocation table. phase angle level Attributes change state touch notice 1 turn lead for hear sample 212. 9 F 2 boil rouse after first accession of common brininess 215. 6 F 3 boil heighten after stand by step-up of season 218. 3 F dodge 1 Observations make duri ng the investigate If a prohibition graph was to be make of the triple stages of the test that were taken during the experiment. We would fork out the next bar chart at hand. graph 1 comparability of observations make during the deed of the experiment Conclusions.From the above experiment, we elicit fold that when common sodium chloride (NaCl) is added to water, it causes the stewing pose of the water to increase. As the count of table table salt in the water was increased, a comparative increase was alike observed in the temperature that the water call for to reach out its simmering manoeuvre. The increase in boil point was thusly accomplished to be immediately proportionate to the meat of salt in the water. This as well as developed the situation that onwards any salt was added to the water, the water poached at its metre temperature. We hatful then state that the hypothesis of this experiment stands valid.This would to a fault explain why day-to -day uses of salt in water much(prenominal) as those recommended in the culinary arts perceive the addition of salt in water (McGee, 1984) as a indispensableness to correspond that the end result is active to matinee idol through persisting heating.References Bradley, D. (2006, declination 27). flavour and the boil wind of Water. Retrieved April 27, 2009, from light bestial http//www. scholarshipbase. com/science-blog/how-does-salt-affect-the-boiling-point-of-water. hypertext markup language McGee, H. (1984). On regimen and cooking the science and acquaintance of the kitchen. Scribners. itemization of submits Table 1 Observations made during the experiment.